Bad Effects Of Transhumanism Essay

Humans (and transhumans) are marked by a persistent desire to understand and control their environment and experience. Before the development of the scientific method, deductive and inductive logic, game theory, sophisticated epistemic principles and so on, humans resorted to superficial causal explanations based on observation for common phenomena, and theistic explanation for unusual events. Deities were invoked to explain unusual or destructive phenomena, and to try to provide a comforting model of the uncertainties and uncontrollable events in life. Storms, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, epidemics and madness could not be tolerated without some belief about their cause. In the absence of scientific explanation a religious or theistic explanation was almost inevitable. Along with pre-scientific attempts at understanding came a crude attempt at a technology. A tension is evident here: On the one hand religions have frequently declared events to be determined by a divine plan and s o have held attempts at changing things to be futile (this is common in Eastern religions, as well as other religions involving predestination). On the other hand, religions have offered certain limited and carefully circumscribed means of changing and controlling events, such as through prayer, ritual, and magic. The overall result has been entropic and anti-progressive since religious technology is ineffective (with the occasional exception of psychosomatic effects). The role of religion in providing explanations, however poor, of human life and its environment has given way over time to the superior resources of empirical science. Science has been able to explain an enormous variety of phenomena, both commonplace and unusual. Protestations by theists that science has not and cannot explain the origin of life, the origin of the universe, or the nature of consciousness are increasingly ridiculous as we continue to learn and discover. An objection to this view of the origin and strength of religion is that it is unclear why religion is persisting and even growing as scientific triumphs abound. This objection makes two mistakes however. First, as I am showing, there are other sustaining causes of religion that do not entirely or closely depend on the development of science. Second, the apparent strength and resurgence of religion is, I believe, an illusion  generated from a limited perspective. Certainly religion is not declining rapidly, and is continually taking new forms (such as New Age mysticism), but seen over a span of decades and centuries the trend is clear enough. Late twentieth century religion is very much less powerful than religion in the Middle Ages. In the past religion dominated all aspects of life and the idea of a separation of Church and state would have been considered incomprehensible and wicked. DEALING WITH DEATH AND UNCERTAINTY: One of the great tasks before us, as transhumanists, is the reengineering of our consciousness to do away with the powerful desire for certainty of a dogmatic kind. Most humans feel that they cannot bear to be wrong. They fear an unknown future. They readily give up intellectual and emotion independence in favor of faith in another person, whether human or supernatural myth. Humans are also driven to the comforts of religious dogma by the terrible fact of death. Some transhumanists expect religion to automatically decline as technological progress accelerates. Unfortunately, the faster technology and society changes, the greater the uncertainty in people’s lives, so the greater the appeal of religion in all its forms. (Hence the takeover by National Socialism and communism at times of great upheaval.) Scientific and technological progress alone will not abolish religious thinking. Transhumanist philosophies, especially immortalist philosophies such as Extropianism, will be vital to intellectual and emotional progress.

Climate change and Solutions

Climate change is a concept that has generated much controversy in recent times, the many competing theories as to why climate change is occurring is no longer meaningful and we are now at a stage where unless serious measures are introduced to combat the causes of climate change human kind as a civilisation could be wiped out forever. As a UCT student and a South African citizen I firmly believe that climate change has mainly been induced by the developed world, however, despite this fact, the responsibilities of combating global change do not primarily lie in the hands of the developed world. Successfully overcoming such a huge problem such as climate change requires the cooperation and willingness of the entire world. There comes a time where we have to accept responsibility for our actions. That time is now. It is not too late to correct the mistake we have made, however we need less talk and more action. The policies of mitigation and adaption which traditionally have been the main two policies in combating climate change have proved to be limiting in their effectiveness (Parry, 2009:1-2). For example, achieving current mitigation targets will not prevent major environmental impacts, as in order for mitigation to have any effect in reducing global damage global emission cuts of 80 percent are necessary (Parry, 2009:1). According to Martin Parry the fundamental cause of climate change is unsustainable development, both in the past and the present (Parry, 2009:1). Sustainable development is therefore pivotal in forming the fundamental prerequisites for combating climate change. Parry further goes on to emphasize the necessity for the implementation of a sustainable development strategy that ‘combines mitigation and adaptation in a whole package of other development strategies, including high levels of efficiency and equity in resource use, investment, governance and income growth' in order to successfully and effectively confront climate change (Parry, 2009:8). In response to the article published in the Mail and Guardian on the 10th September 2009; combating climate change will not necessarily stagnate or reduce development. Low carbon economies are effective in creating employment opportunities and bringing about the fundamental prerequisites that are essential for enticing development whilst limiting environmental damage (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). Energy efficiency programmes are most effective in reducing emissions with little economic consequence which in a country such as South Africa is desperately needed in order to reduce carbon emissions with little effect on economic development (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). Other ways of reducing emissions as highlighted by Winkler and Marquard include the implementation of non-carbon and reduced carbon energy supplies in the form of hydroelectricity, natural gas and solar power (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). However, changing development paths is a very challenging and time consuming process which can be bought about in various ways including; the imposition of carbon taxes, selective beneficiation and incentive programmes for energy-intensive industries (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). Climate change is a global problem that can only be solved through global cooperation and teamwork. The injustices of the past must be forgotten and both the developed and developing world must work together to ensure the immediate and drastic reduction in emissions. Combating global climate change is a long term process that requires extreme dedication and ruthless legislation that will ensure the full cooperation from countries the world over. Economic growth is not the priority anymore; mankind could potentially be on the brink of extinction unless drastic measures to combat climate change are implemented. ‘When the last tree is cut down, the last river poisoned, the last fish caught, then, only man will discover, that he cannot eat money'.

Alexander Graham Bell biography

Alexander Graham Bell, was the inventor of the telephone. Bell was born in Edinburgh on 3 March 1847. He was the son of Melville, a speech and elocution teacher who developed the first International Phonetic Alphabet and Eliza, who was deaf from the age of five. Bell was the only child to survive into adulthood, with his younger and elder brothers, Ted and Melly, dying of tuberculosis. These biographical facts foretell the strong values, personality and determination of the man destined to radically change the preferred mode of long distance communications to voice, and thus transform virtually all aspects of modern life.Bell developed a passion for communication from a young age. He was to become an extraordinary man with a visionary understanding of its power and potential. Educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London, Bell immigrated to the US in 1870. In his twenties, he set about developing a multiple telegraph that could send several Morse code messages. In 1872, Bell s tarted attending MIT’s public lectures on experimental mechanics, including one in October by Professor Charles R. Cross that began a long, fruitful collaboration.At the talk, Cross demonstrated a device invented by his colleague Edward C. Pickering, who then chaired MIT’s physics department. At the time of Cross’s lecture, MIT (which had been incorporated in 1861 on the Boston side of the Charles River) had recently opened the Rogers Laboratory of Physics in a new building on Boylston Street. The facility was the first of its kind in the United States, a well-outfitted working laboratory that allowed students to conduct experiments illustrating the physical laws they learned about in class.Of particular interest to Bell, the new laboratory had an impressive set of equipment identical to that used in the path breaking work of Hermann von Helmholtz, one of the world’s leading acoustical researchers. In 1873, Bell accepted a position as a professor of vocal physiology and elocution at the fledgling Boston University (which had been chartered in 1869). The post drew him into even closer contact with Boston’s scientific community, affording him the chance to get better acquainted with Professor Cross, who would eventually succeed Pickering as chair of MIT’s physics department.In April 1874, after Bell addressed MIT students and faculty about his acoustical studies and his eff orts to teach the deaf to speak, Cross—apparently impressed—granted him unfettered access to the Institute’s facilities for his further research. Bell seized the opportunity. Of course, Bell won his patent claim as the sole inventor of the telephone, and public knowledge about the contributions of others mostly faded into oblivion.The many surviving primary documents from the period, however, leave little doubt of the important supporting role that Cross and the Rogers Laboratory played in helping Bell gain vital, detailed, and of ten hands-on knowledge about the cutting-edge work of others in the field, including Pickering, Helmholtz, Reis, and Elisha Gray, the inventor whose path breaking design for a liquid transmitter Bell seems to have appropriated to make his world-famous call to Watson. Many years later, with Bell’s legal claim to the telephone long since secured, he publicly acknowledged Cross’s contribution.Bell told the crowd of 1,500 assembled at Symphony Hall for MIT’s 50th-anniversary gala—and more than 5,000 alumni and guests who were listening in by phone at Alumni Association gatherings across the country—that Cross had not only made â€Å"many advances in the telephone itself † but inspired many students to â€Å"go forth from the Institute to perfect the work. † On 7 March 1876, Bell patented the telephone (Patent 174,465) at the tender age of 29. On March 10, 1876, Bell supposedly knocked over the battery acid he and Watson were using as tran smitting liquid for early telephone tests, and shouted, â€Å"Mr.Watson, come here; I want you. † Watson, working in the next room, heard Bell’s voice through the wire. Bell introduced the telephone to the world at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1877, Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company. He later sued Western Union over patent infringement of his telephone copyright, and won. In the 1880s, Bell used his considerable fortune to establish research laboratories to work with deaf people. Helen Keller was among his many students.Bell, though, was able to translate his exceptional values into his private life. He lobbied the cause of deaf people and to establish day schools for them throughout the US. When he set out on this challenge, only 40 per cent of deaf children were taught to speak. At the time of his death in 1922 the figure was 80 per cent — testimony enough in itself to his leadership qualities. Like all exceptional leaders, Bell m ade himself accessible to all. He encouraged one family — the Kellers — to educate their little girl Helen, who was deaf.She later attended the Boston Museum of fine arts and became a highly successful commercial artist. Employers today can learn much from Bell's great achievements — nurture ideas, encourage innovation and pursue developments, however radical they might seem at the time. Likewise, there remains a need today for companies to accept and foster their links and social responsibilities within the communities in which they operate and beyond. Bell proved that leaders and business can create the circumstances to improve our quality of life.In researching this article, I have grown to respect the great depth and leadership qualities of Alexander Graham Bell, a hugely successful entrepreneur and a great humanitarian. While telephones, fax, mobiles, text messaging, and the like may sometimes drive you mad, they have undoubtedly revolutionised the world fo r the better, and it can all be traced back to the leadership and vision of one man. Bell is the greatest creator ever of shareholder value and an inspirational figure for the to the cause of the â€Å"children of a lesser God† — it must earn him the title of Greatest Briton in Management and Leadership.Other Bell inventions include an electric probe, a device used to locate bullets and other metal objects in the human body, and the vacuum jacket, which when placed around the chest, administered artificial respiration. He’s also credited with inventions related to the iron lung and triangular aircraft wings. In 1898, Bell became the president of National Geographic because he believed that geography could be taught through pictures. Bell’s fascination with aeronautics led to his â€Å"hydrodrome† boat, a vessel that traveled above the water at high speeds.The hydrodrome reached speeds in excess of 70 mph, and for many years was the fastest boat in the world. Bell died August 2, 1922, in Nova Scotia, Canada But unlike so many great pioneers and inventors, Bell followed through, visualizing the future and realizing the potential of his remarkable invention. Shortly after the invention of the telephone, Bell had told his father: â€Å"The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses, just like water or gas†¦ and friends will converse with each other without leaving home. How right he was.Remember this prediction was at a time when the telephone was in its infancy and its full potential was far from recognized. Bell's invention changed for good the way people live their lives. Telephones and telephone lines have enabled us to network global companies via computers, make transactions electronically, or simply talk to our loved ones to let them know all is well, wherever in the world we might be at the time. The telephone is not only capable of transmitting voice, but also of transmitting emotion and, therefor e, allows us to communicate not only what we are thinking but how we feel.In a stroke of genius, Bell shrank the world and transformed the lives of the citizens of his country of birth and education, Great Britain, and, indeed, the lives of people around the world. Like many great people, Bell appeared to benefit from luck and skill in equal measure, and it was while he was trying to develop multiple morse code that he stumbled on the concept that speech could be reproduced through sound waves in a continuous undulating current. This truly brilliant discovery is the principle behind the telephone.Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian-born Abdulfattah â€Å"John† Jandali (Arabic: ), who were both unmarried at the time. [32] Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriend's family objected to their relationship. [33] The baby was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993) and Clara Jobs (1924–1986), an Armenian-American[3] whose maiden name was Hagopian. 34] Later, when asked about his â€Å"adoptive parents,† Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs â€Å"were my parents. â€Å"[35] He stated in his authorized biography that they â€Å"were my parents 1,000%. â€Å"[36] Unknown to him, his biological parents would subsequently marry (December 1955), have a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorce in 1962. [36] The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. [1][2] The parents later adopted a daughter, Patti.Paul was a machinist for a company that made lasers, and taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. [1] The father showed Steve how to work on electronics in the family garage, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild elec tronics such as radios and televisions. As a result, Steve became interested in and developed a hobby of technical tinkering. [37] Clara was an accountant[35] who taught him to read before he went to school. [1] Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley. 38] Jobs was an intelligent and innovative thinker, but his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. At Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, he was a prankster whose fourth-grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high school—a proposal his parents declined. [39] Jobs then attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. [2] At Homestead, Jobs became friends with Bill Fernandez, a neighbor who shared the same interests in electronics.Fernandez introduced Jobs to another, older computer whiz kid, St ephen Wozniak (also known as â€Å"Woz†). In 1969 Woz started building a little computer board with Fernandez that they named â€Å"The Cream Soda Computer†, which they showed to Jobs; he seemed really interested. [40] Jobs frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Wozniak as a summer employee. [41] Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford.They were spending much of their life savings on their son’s higher education. [40] Jobs dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes. [42] He continued auditing classes at Reed while sleeping on the floor in friends' dorm rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. [43] Jobs later said, â€Å"If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fontsSteve Jobs introduced in 1988, was an even more expensive marvel of hardware and software design; it at-tracted even fewer customers. Today, Windows running on Intel-compatible chips remains the most common software platform for per-sonal computers (though cellphones far outsell PCs and have become the dominant mode of computing). But Mi-crosoft has introduced only incremen-tal innovations, following the path set by the Macintosh more than 25 years ago. And Android-based smartphones and tablets, which rely on Google s free and open operating system, follow the lead of the iPhone and the iPad.My point is that Microsoft, Intel, and Google have taken the usual route to platform leadership, with inexpen-sive or free products, relatively open viewpoints interfaces, and extensive efforts to cul-tivate a broad ecosystem of partners. But Jobs and Appl e have shown us an-other path to platform leadership, and not just for a niche product segment: Design breakthrough products that set new standards for form, function, and aesthetics; market them creatively and aggressively, with some modest reduc-tions in price over time; open them up gradually as industrywide platforms, and let the chips fall where they may.Jobs wanted Apple to create computers that would be as elegant and simple to use as a type-writer or even a toaster. Now, looking back, we can see that every product Jobs championed, whether or not it succeed-ed commercially, set new standards for aesthetics as well as utility, such as in ease-of-use or handling graphics and multimedia. What stands out most to me are the ultra-simple, intuitive user interfaces of the Macintosh (GUI plus mouse, albeit invented earlier at the Stanford Research Institute and Xerox PARC) and then the iPod s clickwheel and the iPhone and iPad touchscreens.Today s PCs, digital media players, smartpho nes, and tablets based on Windows or even Android are as good as they are only because of how much Steve Jobs and Apple raised the bar for everyone. Charisma and Leadership In the 1996 PBS documentary, Tri-umph of the Nerds, Larry Tesler, who used to work at Apple, discussed how Steve Jobs was able to inspire people to surpass what even they believed they could accomplish. He would never settle for anything less than someone s absolutely best effort, and then some.That is how Jobs raised the bar for the Macintosh project whose competi-tion was the character-based IBM PC and compatibles and many products since then, most recently the iPad. As Steve Jobs moved forward in his career, he also brought related but formerly distinct technologies and businesses together. In fact, he felt compelled to shed the historic Apple Computer name in 2007 in favor of Apple, Inc. to reflect the broader set of aspirations that he and the company had adopted.It is instructive again to compare Jobs and A pple with Gates and Microsoft. Gates main entrepreneurial legacy has been to create a mass-mar-ket software products company that continues to print money and ex-ploit those remarkable gross margins of packaged software , Jobs solved an extremely vexing problem for the industry and for consumers: how to price digital content in the form of music, video clips, movies, and TV pro-grams. This innovation in digital servic-es is no less profound than Steve Jobs innovations in consumer products. he master Strategist Early observers of Jobs and Apple, in-cluding myself, underestimated his ability to master the business side of technology. Clearly, over time, Jobs got better at this much better perhaps as the world caught up to what he was trying to do. Two incidents stand out. First, when he rejoined Apple in 1996, the firm was practically bankrupt, with only a few months of cash left. But Jobs got a $150 million investment from archrival Microsoft as well as a commitment from Bill Gates t hat Microsoft would continue to produce Office for the Mac.This agreement was critical to maintain the Macintosh business, then the only real source of revenue for Apple. Second, in 2005, Jobs abandoned his 20-year commitment to the Motorola micro-processor and adopted archrival Intel s technology. This move helped bridge the growing cost-performance gap with Windows PCs, and enabled the Macin-tosh to continue as a second platform that was also much more interoperable with the Windows world.

Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages for Taiwan of Closer Essay

Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages for Taiwan of Closer Cross-Strait Economic Relations - Essay Example Even the growth that is boosted by the economic affiliation does not reduce the threats and political confrontation between these two countries. As this relationship between the two politically contravening countries turn to the extent of interdependency upon each other, significant threats are perceived on the part of Taiwan. The country considers the economic interdependency with China as dangerous to its political sovereignty and prosperity because of traditional conflicts. However, it is not easy for the country to revert its trade relations with China due to the support it provides to the economic development of the country. Understandably, this association is not only beneficial for China but also for Taiwan. This paper examines the advantages of this economic relationship in the perspective of both the countries and investigates the threats as perceived by Taiwan concerning the political future of the country. The trade and investment relations between China and Taiwan happen to have been initiated and promoted by a wide variety of economic as well as environmental factors. Roy (2004, p2) suggests that â€Å"the forces propelling cross-Strait economic relations are obvious: close geographic proximity, a common language and culture, and in some cases ancestral ties†. The major factors responsible for rising cross Strait relationship are the strong cultural and social bonds shared by the two countries. People tend to communicate with each other with great ease and geographical location of these countries is also favourable for closer trading activities. These are some environmental factors that could be deemed as the ones driving staunch economic relationship between China and Taiwan. However, this does not tend to be the only reason behind the growing economic relations between the two countries. There happen to be

What is System Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

What is System Security - Term Paper Example   The researchers are going to define what a secure system is, components of a secure system as well as the advantages of having a secure system in an organization. That notwithstanding, with the advancement of technology our systems are prone to a number of threats that are out to jeopardize organizational system security. This essay is going to elaborate on a number of threats to system security as well as the mitigation that can be taken to prevent against those threats. Data is a very expensive resource for any organization; thus, elaborate measures must be put in place to ensure it is safeguarded at all times against unauthorized intrusion by third parties. System security is not limited to security mechanisms being employed on computers and its related peripherals but is a broad field that also includes encryption of data and also training of the personnel handling data on security measures. This makes system security a primary goal for any organization as elaborate security measures will ensure that the data resources of an organization are secured and can only be used to the advantage of that particular organization. System security is a broad field that includes almost every facet of computer security and cryptography. System security can be defined as the mechanisms and techniques that are implemented to ensure organizational data and information maintains confidentiality, integrity at the same time is always available whenever it’s needed.

Leadership Terms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Terms - Essay Example The other reason for maintaining the limits for the president and changing those of the Congress and Justices is that a president who remains in the office for a long time is likely to become a dictator and the Congress and Justice may become more corrupt. Eight years of the presidency is enough as too much power in the hands of only one person is dangerous for a nation as large as the United States (Archives.gov, 2015). The judges and Congress leaders also gain a lot of power since they know that they will hold their office for life and misuse it. Limiting the terms of these categories of leaders in the US will enable the country to have other dedicated and loyal leaders to serve the country. The limits will also bring in new and fresh ideas to keep the states moving and eliminate those with selfish interest. Giving a few individuals too much power, which is unchecked, may lead the leaders to exercise some unrighteous dominion power especially giving the president unlimited terms. The president might take control of the other branches and interfere with the constitutional rights of individuals. With the president serving for only two terms, the three branches of government are kept working properly (Archives.gov, 2015). People still re-elect the president, Congress leaders, and the justices even when they do not perform, and the term limits are the only solution to ensure that the nation has good leaders.Americans like to maintain the same leaders due to the fear of change and without the term limits.

Budgetary control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Budgetary control - Essay Example Therefore, the primary function of budgetary control is provide a benchmark for making continuous comparison of the budgeted activity with the actual performance to ensure that the budgeted results are achieved or an appropriate action is taken when there are deviations in performance. This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of budgetary control to a business (Libby & Lindsay, 2010). One of the most important strengths of budget control is that it is based on numerical data from the financial statements and existing budgets of the company (Van der Stede, 2001). Therefore, this ensures there is consistent with decision making by following trends and previous periods performance. Moreover, in event that the data used in establishing the budgets is correct, managers will be able to make sound decisions for their units, which will eventually, translate to better performance of the business as a whole (Frow, Marginson & Ogden, 2010). That notwithstanding, budgetary control is based on budgets that are time bound. Budgets are usually prepared for a given financial period. Therefore, they enable managers to monitor actual performance by comparing it continuously with budgeted results for that period (Montana and Charnov, 2000). For instance, the production manager can compare the sales units quarterly with the production units to determine if there are deviations in terms of sales units and units produced so that an appropriate action is taken (Dunk, 2011). If for example, the production manager realizes that the units produced are much more than the demanded units, he/she can take action by reducing the units produced and noting the necessary adjustment to be made in the product budget. Therefore, this provides a benchmark for determining the validity of the numerical data and reports used in the preparation of the budgets for the purpose of budgetary

International and National Relief Efforts - BHS412 Module 4 - Case Essay

International and National Relief Efforts - BHS412 Module 4 - Case - Essay Example By first establishing a consensus on the plan of action as well as ensuring that all stakeholders are working towards a common purpose it could be that the relationship would foster better communication as well as ensure more effective results. From one perspective it could be argued that when both parties operate independently, there may be both redundancies in operations as well as serious deficiencies. When time is a critical factor there needs to be strong coordination. Is there a difference between the relationship when responding to a domestic disaster relief effort as compared to an international relief effort? In principle this may not be the case however practice may be different. In international operations workers must take into consideration a number of externalities (FEMA, 2011) For example perhaps the infrastructure is not as well developed as the workers are used to. Perhaps there is a language barrier, or the local customs prevent actions that would be considered acce ptable in the home nation. Although it could be argued that relief efforts should not be hindered by cultural customs the reality is that by violating these traditions there may be very serious long term consequences. Moreover by not preparing for a language barrier there may be serious delays in getting real services running and accessible to all people.

Global Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Branding - Assignment Example And no other company carries that laurel except our company - Coca-Cola Company. It is in this spirit that I am asking your office to allow me to attend the said conference. For it will not only be a proper venue to allow other companies to learn from what we have gained in our vast experiences as the number one manufacturer of carbonated beverages in the world today. But, that it is a moment also our company to re-learn many things from the experiences of other companies as they embark in global market. This is very important since it is in fact considered as one of the fundamental benefits that the global world is gaining from the global market, global economy - it is the exchange of ideas among and between nations. It is the possibility of getting hold of the newest and most innovative ideas and concepts in any place in the world. And it is in this context that I am asking your office to please allow me to attend the conference. For, it is not only the venue where the old meets the young and the neophyte but it is also the forum where legitimate exchange of i nformation among competing organizations can be achieved. Thus, fostering and enhancing not only the well-stocked reservoir of knowledge that we gain in our gargantuan experiences. Innumerable data and information under the research and development section of our company that we used as we compete globally. But that it is the sphere where competitors do not eat and tug each other's tail, but it is the place where they meet eye to eye to exchange with one another viable information that may be utilized in their companies. In the end, though it may appear that Coca-Cola has already much to offer in terms of experience and knowledge with regards to the theme of the conference, it will still be worthwhile to attend the said conference on Global Branding in the 21st Century for the age old belief still has not lost its power. It has not lost its esteem - "knowledge is power." And in a global world like ours, the one who has the most information, possess the most dynamic and important power of all. ON GLOBAL BRANDING INTRODUCTION The contemporary period is marked by one characteristic that is simply unknown prior to this period - globalization. Globalization is a term that has been defined in many ways and interpreted and understood in various forms. Since, globalization as a contemporary phenomenon permeates not only the economic, financial, market and business developments but it has also penetrated culture, tradition, communication, ideas and the likes. But in all of these it can be claimed that the salient feature of globalization is the fact that "it allows financial capital to move around freely" (Soros, 2002: 3). And in this framework we will try to address the challenges posed to Coca-Cola Company of global branding in the 21st century. Being such, this report will not look into the strategic positions and organizational effectiveness that Coca-Cola has used as it meet the global demand of the 21st century. But rather we will look into the Coca-Cola brand, a century old brand, that has survived and defied the many challenges of market itself and the formidable task that it faces as it compete in the global market, in the global village. THE COMPANY "Coca-Cola Company, founded on l896, is the world leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non- alcoholic

Learning Disabilities of Gifted and Talented Children Research Paper

Learning Disabilities of Gifted and Talented Children - Research Paper Example In 1981, the Johns Hopkins University arranged a tutorial in which experts belonging to both the fields of the giftedness and learning disabilities were called together to consider this issue from various aspects (Brody and Mills, 1997). That was the time when the educationalists expressed interest in addressing the concerns of the gifted children as well as others with the learning disabilities, but the students with both the traits had not received sufficient recognition. The participants of the tutorial mutually consented upon the existence of the students with both the traits and also the fact that they are overlooked because of the conventional trend of assessing the students either for learning disabilities or for giftedness. The dual exceptionality has been defined as â€Å"emerging within the context of moral concern for the civil right of all children to have an appropriate public school education that will help them fully develop their potential for life satisfaction and c ontribution to society†. Children who are gifted and also have the learning disability can be characterized into three main subgroups. The first kind is of those students who are known for their giftedness but they experience difficulties in the school. These children are perceived to be underachievers. Their underachievement is attributed to their lack of motivation, the subjectivity of self-perception and laziness. For a major part of their educational tenure, their learning disabilities remain unidentified.  ... For a major part of their educational tenure, their learning disabilities remain unidentified. As the level of difficulty of the studies increases, things become so difficult for these students that they fall considerably behind their class fellows and thus, they become prominent as students with learning disabilities. The second kind of these students is that in which the students’ learning disabilities are known but their giftedness is unrealized. So this kind is the opposite of the first kind. The population of this kind of students with dual exceptionality is larger than that of the first kind. Baum (1985 cited in Brody and Mills, 1997) conducted a research and found this kind of students to be 33 per cent of the total number of students with learning disabilities. The intellectual abilities of these students are underestimated because of their poor performance in the IQ tests or inadequate assessment of the teachers. These students are not fortunate enough to be referred for the gifted services because their giftedness is never realized. The third kind of students with dual exceptionality is the largest in population. These are the students whose abilities and disabilities cover each other. The students of this kind are educated in the general classrooms and are deemed unsuitable for the services prescribed to the students with learning disabilities or giftedness. These students are thought to possess average abilities. Despite the fact that the magnitude of performance of these students is considerably lower than it can potentially be, they perform good enough to pass and are hence promoted. However, as the level of difficulty of the education increases, these students start to

Human Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Human Resource Management - Case Study Example The company that is discussed in the case study is the Oceanic Airways. The case is about the human resource management of the company and how the organization has failed to maintain profitability due to a massive failure in managing in its human resource. The case discusses the factors that have led the company to its downfall. The case also gives brief information on the airline industry of Asia. The main focus of the case is on Oceanic Airway’s HR practices. The case presents the failure of the HR department of Oceanic Airways due to many factors. The information about the practices of the company is given and the main players in the organization are also discussed with the comments of the employees. The case study also identifies many problems in the organizational structure of the company. The company is has seen any interference from the government and that is considered one of the main problems of the company. Communication gap was another problem identified. There are other factors like high fuel prices and other economic factors that have contributed to the downfall of the company. These factors are more or less uncontrollable for the organization. The main information is on the human resource management practices of the company and how different human resource department work in order to perform basic functions of recruiting, selecting, training and promoting. The details of how human resource department work is provided in the case. Human resource problems of the company are actually increasing with the day with more and more employees getting disgruntle about the situation. The company has to start to think about its practices and should revamp all its policies in order to satisfy employees and in turn make profits. Employees actually are a source of income for the company especially in times of uncertainty when the airline industry is facing intense competition and fuel prices are fluctuating like anything.

Experience The Arts Essay Example for Free

Experience The Arts Essay Art has a huge impact in making our lives endlessly rich. I cant imagine, only for a moment, a world without art in light of the fact that art have such an effect on design from our most loved features. Moreover, art invigorates distinctive parts of our brains to make us giggle or prompt us to uproar, with an entire range of feelings in the middle. Art also provides for us an approach to be inventive and convey what needs be. For some individuals, art is the whole reason they get up in the morning. You could say, art is something that makes us more mindful and balanced people. Then again, it is such an expansive piece of our regular lives that we might scarcely even stop to consider. Our shoes could be look as art, as well as our clothing. General all utilitarian configuration is art. Art normally includes correspondence. Ostensibly, specialists need individuals with whom they can impart their observations. At the point when Art and people associate, numerous conceivable outcomes emerge. As an admirer of the specialty of dance it has dependably been something I delighted in viewing or enjoyed as an adolescent. In spite of the fact that dance was a sublime past time I never feel in adoration with it until I encountered another manifestation of workmanship called praise dancing. Praise Dance is a type of formal or profound dance, it is a manifestation of move in which the attention is on love. Acclaim dance experts utilize their bodies to help express the expression and soul of God. Praise Dance is actually considered by numerous places of worship to be a satisfactory manifestation of Christian articulation, as well as being regularly utilized before  assemblies to make energizing and enthusiastic environments. In some cases praise dance can be a piece of a greater generation in which a whole story is told. Praise dance, rather than different manifestations of love move, is commonly performed to a much quicker and energetic music rhythm. The dancers express the music by waving their arms over their heads, applauding uncontrollably, influencing their bodies, and moving their heads to the mu sic. It can also be an interpretation of delight that uses the human body to extend, which are express with both their bodies and their confronts, illuminating their gathering of people with the delight they feel inside their souls. When praise dance is my presence my body would shivers; while tears role down my eyes, on the grounds that they were hitting the dance floor with such power, and the message they were yielding was compelling. Besides, the entertainers were serving and worshiping through move and welcoming the crowd to give love to the lord. Praise dance definitely have to be the most excellent critical experience of art I have ever felt on the grounds that it brought me into an alternate measurement, one where I had an otherworldly involvement with a higher force. Therefore, I will always cherish those moments, since it was truly the most true, genuine, and most alive experience I have had in my life. Praise dance is in fact extraordinary, enthusiasm and daring, for one self to express an unforgiving approach to acquire art it really bring out art in undiscovered spots. I am truly convinced and idealistic that praise dance will attract individuals in a great big form of art, which would inspires, encourages and uplifts humanity all around the world. Reference: Sporre, D. J. (2013). Reality Through the Arts (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. www.thepraisedancelife.com

Import Substitution Policy Versus Export Led Growth Strategy

Import Substitution Policy Versus Export Led Growth Strategy The Countries conduct two different strategies for industrialization; import substitution and export promotion for their international trade. Whether to adopt import substitution or export promotion trade strategy is controversial issue throughout the years for the countries. This issue forms a debate between Trade Optimists who support outward looking development policy, which envisages the free trade and free movement of goods and the Trade Pessimists who believe that the company must write its own destiny, and do not cooperate with other countries [Tadora, (2006) p621]. In 1950s and 1960s import substitutors are outweigh this debate by becoming popular in most of the developing countries but after the late 1970s export promoters become more powerful. The both policies have advantages and disadvantages. In this report, I will firstly give some information with respect to these two policies and then critically analyze advantages and disadvantages of these two policies. Import Substitution Low-income countries must industrialize to become more developed; but as they could not compete with already industrialized markets, firstly they have to protect themselves from the imports, which came from already industrialized and highly productive economies and concentrate on their production in order to achieve this goal. [Bruton, (1997) p904]. They have to reach a level, which make them compete with foreign industries in all over the world. Import substitution policy could be defined as putting various barriers to the importation of foreign goods to reduce the countries foreign dependency and providing these goods by producing them domestically [Ray, (1998) p657]. The import substitution policy could be varied among the goods. The capital good and consumers goods are treated differently. Consumer goods had been imported more strictly with the reason the consumer goods could be produced with less cost and the production of the capital good requires more intense capital and more complex technology. [Bruton, (1997) p908]. So mostly developing countries put bans on importation of consumer goods but not capital goods. As stated above, in order to provide import substitution, a protection is required. This protection could be supplied by government intervention. There are several ways to restrict the importation. Firstly, it could be provided by tariffs and quatos. Tariff is the percentage that is applied to the value of and imported item with the resulting sum of money going to the government. In the presence of tariff, the potentials import has been substituted by domestic production [Ray, (1998) p657]. Whereas the quato gives the maximum quantity on a particular good. Above that limit, no more of that good can be imported into the country. The other instrument, which restricts import, is the exchange rate. If the domestic currency will be overvalued, the price of the imported will be high and domestic good will be low [Bruton, (1997) p912]. When the exchange rate is higher, it will be more expensive to purchase foreign product imports. If for example, the government wants to overvalue its currency to make the foreign imports more expensive in domestic market, it may keep the currency from circulation. For example, if we assume that there is a demand of 1 million US Dollar but only the 500 thousand US Dollar has been issued to economy by government. This directly increases the price of US Dollar. It is believed that the import substitution encourages the learning of new techniques of production (as they are afforded with this protection) and the labors skills are improved with the experience, which provides increase in productivity of the firm [Ray, (1998) p669]. Besides this, import substitution strategy in a single industry can also be beneficial in other industry by creating additional demand that shall increase the employment and income. In conformity with these advantages, as per the data obtained by Maddisson (1995), there is an overall positive development (in terms of GDP growth rate, investment rate) in the countries that conduct import substitution policies. However starting from 1960, the negative consequences of import substitution starts to show itself and today it is mostly accepted that import-substituting strategy becomes unsuccessful in most of the countries. In the light of the information gathered from Bruton [(1997) p917]. and Tadora [ (2006) p631], the negative effects of import substitution could be summarized as follows: First of all, the import-oriented industries remain inefficient and costly to operate, as they are not competing with international industries and they do not need to make any research and development. So it is not incorrect to argue that industrialization has been inhibited with this strategy. Since there is inefficiency, the unemployment will automatically will increase within this respect. Secondly, although some industries were conducted with import substitution policy, most of them acquired by foreign companies and they transfer their profits abroad rather than investing them in the domestic industries. Thirdly, the newly established domestic industries specialized for production of consumer goods created a demand for importation of intermediate goods, but the danger is that there appears the need for import of intermediate goods in order to produce final goods inside the country and significant part of the profit transferred to the foreign countries. In addition to this, as the local currency is overvalued, -which increase exports price and decrease the imports- the local farmers become less competitive in the international market. Besides this, since it does not have any interactions with other countries, the country will be less affected in case of global economic crisis. Also, import substitution strategy has a negative effect on exporters. As the exchange rate increases, domestic goods, which are produced in internal industries, become expensive which will detrimentally affect the export. Both the decreasing exports and increasing dependence on foreign intermediate goods makes the trade balance worse. This cycle leads countries to borrow money to overcome their trade deficit. Import substitution strategies were conducted most nations in Latin America from the 1930s until the late 1980s. Over the period, 1949-1964, the total demand in manufacturing was growth significantly [Ray, (1998) p675]. however when the world economy went into recession in the 1970s and 1980s, Latin America went into worst economic crisis because of its foreign debt and it also changed its policy towards export orientation. Export Promotion As the distortions and failure of the import substitution policy is recognized, the export strategy gains importance for the countries. The case of Taiwan and South Korea is significant in this respect [Bruton(1997) p920]. They started to export the goods in 1960s and they remarkably increase their growth from that period. Import substitution is sharply contrasted with outward (export) oriented approach. In the export promotion, primary attention is given to the foreign trade and exports. [Bruton(1997) p904]. Basic goal is to maintain domestic economy to open the foreign capital. Export oriented approach has become popular in last 15 years and many countries has changed their policy from import to export oriented. [Bruton(1997) p905]. Generally rather than the exporting primary products, manufactured products are encouraged by governments of developing countries to be exported. The most of the developing countries have a comparative advantage in such primary products and they do not want to be dependent to other countries [Ray, (1998) p678]. Unlike import substitution, the tariffs and quotas on imports are reduced for exporters in order to encourage exportation. In addition to this, the banks are providing more easy and flexible terms to exporters. Governments can also make some payments to specific products to encourage the export of goods cheaper to foreign consumers and give some exemptions and incentives for those who want to export. According to Bruton [(1997) p924-925], the export-oriented strategy helps Taiwan and South Korea to overcome their balance of payment problems, increase their employment, and improve the knowledge of technology and quality of the product. One obvious benefit of the export promotion is that it provides more visible gains [Ray, (1998) p677]. Because as there is competition in the international market, the goods are provided more cheaply. The allocation of resources could be done more efficiently and the cost of the production will be much more less (Salvatore, Hatcher, 1992). It also increases economic growth and it generates required foreign exchange that can be used to import goods [Tadora (2006) p640]. As the exporters are in the competitive market, they have to improve their quality and they have to conduct research and development studies within this respect. It is argued that although import substitution has more immediate positive effects on economy on the short term, the export promotion has more long run positive effects. [Tadora (2006) p640]. Outward oriented strategy helps country to use its capital for progress by not facing any barriers in relation to payment of debt. As it is stated in above, inward oriented policy is a significant reason why Latin America have faced with debt issue. (Dollar 1992) Although there are significant numbers of empirical result, which proves that there is a correlation between outward oriented strategy and growth rate, as it is more dependent to external factors and foreign countries economies, it can create unexpected results. The success of the export-oriented policy is dependent to foreign demand. In order to form a successful export oriented policy, it is crucial to envisage future demand of such market, the ability of any government to forecast is not totally possible as the information with regards to supply and demand can be vary easily in relation to external factors. In the light of the above information, it is correct to argue that both of the strategies are totally not perfect. The success of the strategy depends fluctuations in the world economy. When the world economy is growing significantly in the period 1960 to 1973, the countries who applied export promotion have more advantages but when the world economy slowed down between the period 1973 to 1977, the countries having import oriented strategy get less effected. It is widely accepted that export oriented economies are more effective when the external demand is high. Besides, the success of the export strategy is changing from country to country. While China benefited from this strategy, Thailand, Indonesia faced a lot of difficulties. In addition to this, it is stated by Todora (2006) that even the most successful East Asian export promoters have pursued import substitution strategy in some of its industries. In other words, export promotion or import substitution policies could not be i mplemented entirely to all industries.

Digital Natives Debate

Digital Natives Debate Firstly what does a digital native mean? A digital native is a person where digital technology is already around when they were born, which mean they have grown up with digital technology such as mobile phones, computers, game consoles, mp3 and all other digital technologies. The opposite to this a person who grew up without these digital technologies and learnt how to use them later on in life for example if the person was born before the introduction of mobile phone they adapted and learnt how to use this technology these people are placed with the name digital immigrants. Now we have established the meaning of these terms we can now evaluate the debate, which surrounds this area. Marc Prensky (2001) is one of the leading experts in this field and is the one who coined the term Digital Native in his work Digital Native, Digital Immigrants published in 2001. The main argument to support the concept of digital native is that children people born in the last two decades have always been surrounded and had contact with new technology. According to Prensky (2001), the reason for an increase of technology is due to the fact that there is a hypothesized change in the brain structure that means young people process information and think in different ways compared to pervious generations(Prensky, 2001a). Prensky (2001) states, Digital Natives are used to receiving information really fast. They like to parallel process and multi-task. They prefer their graphics before their text rather than the opposite. They prefer random access (like hypertext). They function best when networked. They thrive on instant gratification and frequent rewards. They prefer games to serious work (2001). Prensky (2001) defines this younger generation as the digital natives as they, are all native speakers of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet. Prensky refers to people who were born before this new digital era, which began around 1980, as Digital Immigrants. According to him digital immigrants may learn to use new technologies but will still be in some way always be in the past, unable to fully understand the way of the natives. According to Prensky (2001), characteristics of digital immigrants are that they do not use the Internet as their first point for finding information in, he also states thats they print documents out instead of working of the computer. The supporters of this concept suggest that the comparisons between these two groups have great impacts on education. They argue that young people now have a range of different methods and tools for interpreting and using information and the current education system dose not meet the needs of these people. So he argues that the current educational system and the way digital native are taught needs to change to meet the requirements of this generation of youth. For exa mple, Prensky suggests that educators now need to communicate in a way that the digital native find interesting and respond to going faster, less step-by step, more in parallel, with more random access, among other things Prensky (2001). A powerful teaching method, Prensky suggests, would be to use computer games to teach the digital natives as digital natives would resound to this as they find this fun and current. As Prensky (2001) states todays students are the first generation to grow up with this sort of technology. He continues to say that this generation has been surrounded by new technology like computers, videogames, mp3 players, video camera, mobiles and many other gadgets. Here are some of the facts and figures which Prensky (20010) includes are that today college graduates have spent less than 5,000 hours of their lives reading, but over 10,000 hours playing video games and 20,000 hours of watching TV. He suggest this it due to the fact that computer games, email, the Internet, mobiles and social network sites are all part of every day lives. Prensky (2001) report suggests that due to the amount of interaction with new technology student think and process information fundamentally differently from pervious generations. He then goes on to say that these differences are far greater than most educators suspect or realize in his report he quotes DR. Bruce D. Perry of Baylor College of Medicine different kinds of experiences lead to different brain structures. This is one of the reasons why Prensky suggests, our students brains have physically changed- and are very different from ours-as a result of how they grew up. Referring to (Bennet el al 2008) there is very little evidence that young people are radically different in the way they use and processes information.to justify his claims Prensky use the theory of neuroplasticity, which suggest that our brain are flexible and subject to change as a result of changes in society. Using this theory Prensky state this is why the youth of todays brains have developed differently to the adults, due to the fact that they have been brought up in a world full of new technology. However these is no answer in the way in which the brain structure has varied. Prensky (2001) admits, that the use of technology and the effects on the cognitive processes linked with learning is still being explored by neuroscientists (Prensky 2001) There is a lot of academic research that has questioned the validity of digital native concept. People in support of this digital native tend to assign board terms for example a specific learning style, amount and type of technology used to a whole generation (Bennet et al 2008). Whist the majority of young people which use the internet and other technologies is higher than older generation (Dutton and Helsper 2007) is has to be said that there are many differences in how and why younger people use these new technologies and how effectively they use them (Hargittai and Hinnart, 2008). There have been many writers that have highlighted the diversity of the use of new technologies by young people however this is minimized to support the concept of digital narrative. A important aspect of this debate is weather the difference between digital natives and digital immigrants can be explained by generational differences. Referring to Prensky work it seems that age is the most important factor. According to (Tapcott 1998) technology is the place in which younger people are better than older people he refers to this as generation lap it is about the exposer in which the person has with these technologies. However the extent in which a person is a digital narrative is a digital narrative by birth or exposer it is an important factor in policy and practice. If digital natives are defined by age then the older generation they are seen to be digitally disconnected. On the other hand if being digital native is due to exposer and experiences then it is possible for learning to take place in environment in which younger and older generations interact. However there has not been a lot of research in this area as majority of pervious studies focuses on the youn ger people using the new technologies and their parents for example (studies by Livingstone and Bober 2005). Additionally most of the research, which has been taken, place and the data produced are based on the American population. Kennedy, et al (2008) stated that educational policy maker in the UK could not make changes in the United Kingdom in response to these claims as we need more empirical evidence to inform the debate. Social researcher (Howe and Strauss 200,2003), labeled this current generation as the millenials, referring to the technology knowledge as a distinctive characteristic that set them apart from pervious generations. They offer a positive a positive view on the new generation as optimistic, team-orientated achievers who are talented with technology, and claim they will be the next great generation. Technology-rich culture is said to inspire the skills and interests of the digital natives in ways significant for education. It is said that digital natives are active experimental learner, excellent at multitasking, and dependent on communication technologies for accessing information and for interacting with other (Frand, 2000; Oblinger and Oblinger, 2005; Prensky 2001a b; Tapscott, 1999). It has been stated that these characteristics raise valid question about weather that the current education system is equipped to meet the needs of new student (digital natives). Tapscott (1998), described education in developing countries as already in crisis with more challenge to com: There is growing appreciation that the old approach [of didactic teaching] is ill-suited to the intellectual, social, motivational, and emotional needs of the new generation (p. 131). This was echoed by Prenskys (2001a) claim that: Our students have changed radically. Todays students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach (p. 1). The digital natives theory has found a number of supporters as well as the leading authors, who have had key influence on the theory, however there has been a lot of criticism of the theory itself and arguments. I will now probe this theory for its weaknesses; firstly none of the main people on the debate look at the negative side being a digital native can have on young people. Whilst digital natives are most often presented in a positive light, however many people are begging to relies that increate digital technology use may also lead to the disadvantages and empowerment of children and young people through risk and dangers of technology use. Many concerns have been raised amongst popular commentators and policy makers, for example the number of inappropriate uses of the Internet, which could place a child at ultimate risk of harming them self and being harmed by other. Additionally aside from the physical, emotional and sexual risks associated with the Internet, concern has been raised that the capacity of young people to learn is now measured by the ability to gather information of the internet. Andrew Keen (2001,p.93) puts it that, the current generation of school children is taking search-engine result as gospel. Which means they are just using the information of the internet to inform them selves. Furthermore Shulmeiter (2008) presents a list of critical views on the digital debate. Firstly Shulmeiter (2008) critics the lack of empirical evidence, he practically refers to Tapscott and Prensky stating that they show hardly any empirical evidence. Shulmeiter (2008) states, Their reasoning is based on examples of a highly selective sample. Despite this Prensky and Tabscott are widely cited and uncritized in further publications. Shulmeiter then begins to criticses the interpretation of empirical studies, Shulmeiter states scientific publication p nth subject make use of empirical studies on the media usage among young people. He then says that the absolution or relative data usage time is the interted to prove the existence of the digital natives. Shulmeiter (2008) criticized this process as he claims that the data is often handled as a whole, without further splitting, he also explains that insufficient comparisons are offered with the used of other media. The characteristics to describe digital natives have come from mainly unsupported empirical evidence (Bennett et al. 2008); Schumeiter, 2008) which make the data unreliable. Another Criticism of Prensky work is when he uses the work of DR Bruce D, Perry, this is at criticism as he fails to report he work of DR Perry and that the evidence showed after googling the Doctors name it can be seen that the work Doctor Perry conducted was on Child Trauma it can be argued that this does not have any relevance to digital natives.

Dangers of RU486 :: essays research papers

RU-486 is not the same as the â€Å"morning after† pill (postinor -2). RU-486 is the generic term for mifepristone, an artificial steroid that blocks progesterone, a vital nutrient hormone. It causes the vital nutrient lining of the mother’s uterus to disintegrate, and the embryo withers and dies. RU486 has had people under the illusion it is a inexpensive less traumatic option when compared to decide between it and surgery. However conversely, RU486 continues to shock people and destroy lives., it has been proven to be more traumatic and painful then surgical abortion. unfortunately users are not notified properly of these side effects and forced to bear the consequences. A great risk of psychological and physical side effects can result in the use of RU486, such as prolonged bleeding -which requires medical intervention. Women in rural communities have limited access to hospitals or general practises, and it is these woman, those who come from undeveloped, conserv ative countries who are most likely going to require these facilities. The great debate continues over RU486- the issue involving whether it should be available to Australian women. Mifepristone needs to be interpreted by the public as a dangerous and fatal drug, not as â€Å"easy† alternative. The media must publicise the potential side effects more effectively and destroy the perceptual set that Australians view RU486 to be. More then one million women worldwide have used RU486 to end their pregnancy. RU846 is effective from the fifth to the seventh week. Following the last menstrual period, with decreasing effectiveness up to the ninth week. Used alone, RU486 has an abortion rate of 60-80 percent. The convenience of swallowing one tablet to terminate a unwanted pregnancy may sound intriguing to a lot of women. This perception has devoured any subconscious thought in women’s minds concerning doubt or issues involved with using RU486. The sudden outbreak of this newly formulated drug has raised the issue of whether RU486 is the safer then surgical abortion. A common side effect is severe pain similar to that of a miscarriage, with over half of women requiring specific pain medication and one third requiring narcotics. Other side effects include nausea and dizziness, serious bacterial infection, sepsis, prolonged bleeding and even death. The side effects which develop as a result of taking RU486 are clearly much more severe then a general surgical abortion. The statistics continue to prove mifepristone as a dangerous alternative to surgical abortion.

Drinking Water Treatment Improves Water Quality :: Drinking Water Quality

My topic for this paper is on water treatment and in this paper the places where i will be getting my info is www.aguauninternational.com and I'm getting info from and encyclopedia an a book. In a modern society, water is one of the things in life we often take for granted. When we turn on the tap, we expect water that is clean, safe and suitable for all household tasks. But in recent years, there has been a growing concern about contamination of our water supplies. We hear unsettling news accounts that make us question the safety of our water. I know that Water covers 75% of our planet's surface. It's everywhere! And it's all the same, isn't it? yes the reason it is because we use water for so many different things. like to take baths and wash clothing and other things. So what is water softening? well water softening is the process of removing(Ca)2 ,(Mg)2 , or (Fe)3 from water. Filtration? is through sand and gravel removes nearly all suspended matter from the water. Well in fact, water is definitely not all the same. It will pick up many impurities and contaminants, both natural and synthetic. And since water is so widely used in so many different ways, treatment is often necessary. Whether it's clean water for manufacturing, high purity water for medical applications or just safe drinking water, the treatment process is a vital part of our daily lives. As the 20th century draws to a close, managing our planet's resources has emerged as humanity's greatest challenge. And of all the Earth's resources, none is more precious than water. Water taken from boreholes is already clean because it is filtered as it trickles through soil and rocks. Normally it is only necessary to disinfect this water with chlorine to make it safe to drink. Water taken from rivers and reservoirs usually needs more treatment. Water Treatment Works treat water so that it is safe to drink. This involves a number of processes, both physical and chemical, and will vary depending on the quality of the raw water to be treated. I know there are several methods of treatment of water to kill living organisms the application of chlorine compounds is the most common. But another thing I know is that boiling is the favorite household emergency measure. Municipal water softening is common where the natural water has a hardness in excess of 150 parts per million .

Consumer Decision On Phones :: essays research papers

Due to the speed of technological advances nowadays, it is increasing difficult for anyone to predict the marketing strategy for an electronic device. As for telephones today, they are becoming more and more sophisticated in both capabilities and application of these capabilities. A potential buyer is nevertheless confronted with decisions – cordless or non-cordless, caller ID or no caller ID and so on. Well, by analyzing this market through an economist’s point of view, the quality of product almost always grow directly according to price. To analyze the 1999 phone market fully using the neoclassical approach, many factors would have to be discussed. As discussed in the Time article by Katie Hafner, â€Å"Everything but a Dial: Phone Choices†, telephone prices ranges are related to their capabilities. The amount of consumption of these various goods solely depends on the price and the utility that consumers receive from purchasing the product. When deciding to purchase a telephone, a consumer would most likely to separate telephone capabilities into different categories first and then choose from a selection of phones that best suit their needs (their utility). The amount of goods sold by a company would depend on the price of the phone and how it competes with other companies in the market. Therefore, in order to effectively market a new line of telephones, the capabilities of a telephone and its price must be taken into consideration. First, a research must be done on consumer preference and what population it would be served. Empirical data must show a significant number of demand for a specific capability before the production is run (ex. whether if there are enough couch potatos in United States that desire a telephone which is integrated into a remote control for the television). Second, the price of the new product must be competitive in the market. By comparing the new line of product to its competitors, the price should be set at a level that is weighted according to its unique functions. Henceforth, it is with these above factors in consideration that a company will be able to do business more successfully. Since this is not a perfect world, consumers do not have perfect information about the products they have purchased. In addition, there are important issues that the neoclassic theory of consumer demand failed to address above. The neoclassic theory of consumer demand cannot predict the demand for new products and explain the theory of ‘want creation’ through advertising and effective marketing.

Churchill Was A Great War Leader Essay

In the fateful spring and early summer of 1940 the people of Britain clustered around their wireless sets to hear a defiant and uplifting speech from their new Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. On May 13th, having just assumed the burden of power from a, â€Å"weak and cowardly† Neville Chamberlain, Churchill promised a regime of â€Å"blood, toil, tears and sweat.† On June 4th After the evacuation of the defeated British Army from Dunkirk, he pledged, â€Å"We shall fight on the beaches.† On June 18th he proclaimed that even if the British Empire were to last for a thousand years, this would be remembered as its â€Å"finest hour.† Over the course of the ensuing months Britain alone defied the vast conquering appetites of Hitlerism and, though greatly outclassed in the air, repelled the Luftwaffe’s assault with a handful of gallant fighter pilots. This chilling engagement-â€Å"The Battle of Britain†-thwarted Nazi schemes for an invasion of the island fortress and was thus a hinge event in the great global conflict we now call World War II. Before the start of World War II Winston Churchill had already completed many great achievements, which some people could not complete if they were allowed to live twice. When Winston Churchill was born in 1874 his parents did not have any time for him and he spent most of his time with his nanny. In school he rebelled and had no time for Maths, Latin or Greek, the school he attended was Harrow on the outskirts of London. He did not get on well with the other students and he recalls how he once had to hide behind a tree while fellow students threw cricket balls at him. After this he vowed to be strong, as strong as anyone could be. He later entered the Royal Military School at Sandhurst and passed with honours. When he was eighteen Churchill jumped off a bridge and fell 29 feet whilst being chased by his brother and cousin, thus showing his strength and determination. While doing this he ruptured a kidney and was unconscious for three days and could not work for two months. Then when Churchill turned twenty, his father died and shortly after Churchill was appointed as second lieutenant in the 4th Queens Own Hussars, a regiment of the British Army. As he turned twenty-one Churchill reported on military happenings throughout the world in countries such as Cuba where he travelled with the Spanish Army. In 1896 when his regiment was sent to India, he secured a temporary transfer to the turbulent North West Frontier where a tribal insurrection was under way. When the Boer War (1899-1902) broke out in South Africa he went as a journalist, was captured by the Boers while defending an ambushed train and imprisoned in a military prison. His subsequent escape made him a national hero. In 1900 he was elected to Parliament as a member of the Conservative Party. Churchill’s support of free trade against Joseph Chamberlain’s tariff proposals led to his defection in 1904 to the Liberal Party. Through out these years he wrote and published five books, which were all based on his accounts and newspaper articles, they were very successful and echoed his oratorical skills, which later proved a great success. When war broke out in 1914 Churchill was First Lord of the Admiralty and already a major national figurehead. As Europe was thrown into stalemate Churchill strongly suggested a huge flanking attack of Turkey through the Dardanelle’s. But his attempt to force the straits using only ships floundered, leading to the awful Gallipolli landings and costing Churchill his job. Instead of laying low Churchill pulled himself together and joined the Western Front. In January 1916 he was appointed Lieutenant Colonel commanding the 6th Battalion Royal Scots Fusiliers. Between 1922 and 1924 Churchill left the Liberal Party and rejoined the Conservative Party. To his surprise he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in Stanley Baldwin’s government, a position he held until the Tory defeat in 1929. During the 1930’s Churchill fell out with Baldwin over India’s greater self-government and was yet again more isolated in politics. His dire warnings about Hitler and the dangers of the appeasement policy fell on deaf ears. Churchill had been out of the government for nearly ten years by the time war broke out in September 1939. Chamberlain was furious at the fact that Churchill’s theory had been proved correct. The mood of the people and Parliament changed so Chamberlain reluctantly made Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty. Winston Churchill possessed such impressive oratorical skills that historian Arnold Toynbee believed his wartime speeches were absolutely essential to the Allied victory in WWII. During the darkest days of the war, Churchill’s words, so expertly crafted, so superbly delivered, buoyed the spirits, and restored the resilience of the beleaguered English people. When the U.S. Congress voted to confer honorary American citizenship on Churchill in 1963, President Kennedy said, â€Å"He mobilized the English language and sent it into battle.† There is no doubt that some of Winston Churchill’s ideas were impractical and extremist, but on the other hand some of them were very well thought out and took a lot of planning and preparation. He was surely right; that the generals were slow and tried to plan their attacks to solidly. Without Churchill’s eagerness Britain would have fallen back into an even more defensive state. Had the war ended in 1940 (as some people hoped it would, even though this would of meant sacrificing Poland in the light of Czechoslovakia) we would have never known Churchill as he is known today, he would have been an average First Lord with part responsibility for the embarrassing failures of the Norwegian campaign. By a strange turn of events, this increased failure made Neville Chamberlain extremely unpopular and gave Winston Churchill the perfect opportunity to stake his claim. On the 8th of May 1940 the Commons met for a meeting over the poor performance of the Government’s campaign. After a powerful speech from Lloyd George, Chamberlain resigned. On May the 10th the phoney war ended when Germany invaded France and the lower countries, Churchill was announced as the new Prime Minister. Churchill’s reign begins. Churchill was chosen for the job of Prime Minister not for his appeasement, but for his all round knowledge and past experience making him perfect for the job. An example of this is his days in Cuba where he miraculously escaped from the group holding him and was pronounced a national hero. His survival and leadership in WW I made him an asset to the British Government. He was brave, had no fear of Hitler, and was determined from the start to bring him down. His training at the Military School and his past education gave him more than enough qualifications for this situation. He was the man they had been waiting for. C.V. for Winston Churchill’s War Experience: 1874 – Born 1888-92 – Harrow School (a public school) 1893-95 – Sandhurst Military Academy 1895-99 – Soldier 1899 – Journalist in South Africa 1900 – Elected Conservative MP 1904 – Joined the Liberal Party 1905-08 – Junior Minister 1908-15 – Cabinet Minister (held 4 different posts) 1917-22 – Cabinet Minister (held 3 different posts) 1922-24 – Fails to be elected MP 1924 – Returns to the Conservative Party and elected MP 1924-29-Cabinet Minister (Chancellor of the Exchequer) 1929-39 – MP on backbenches 1939-40 – Cabinet Minister 1940-45 – Prime Minister 1945-51 – Leader of the Opposition 1955-65 – Prime Minister 1955-65 – Retirement until death The people needed a leader and if they were going to be put through the britches of war then they needed someone powerful and determined, that person was Churchill. The people trusted Churchill due to his past experience and history of wartime situations. His repertoire of good deeds included the Battle Of Dunkirk, where he also visited bombed areas and offered people his sympathy. He also had strong relationships with other countries, which later came to his advantage. Strong alliance with Russia made him a partner in war duties. All of this would be enough, but Churchill also gave the public faith with his magnificent oratorical skills, which boosted British hopes and led them more determined into the bloody war. The Newspapers were also very unbiased towards Churchill and supported him as their leader; a good example of this is Source 7 where the title is ‘This Is The Man’ with a picture of Churchill by its side. Posters were also used to give Churchill a strong image, they used pictures of him as a bulldog and as a cowboy (Sources 9 & 11) to present Churchill with the image of a strong and fearless man, and this again was used to boost their faith in him. These all helped boost his image and made people respect and trust in him. Three men in this booklet have put down Churchill and they are Charmley, David Irving, and Clive Ponting. These men are mere historians working off the basis of facts and articles from the time; this means that what they say, their opinions are not totally accurate making them unreliable sources. I will start off with the information presented by Charmley, he has mixed views on Churchill, although he recognises Churchill’s achievements, he always finds away to put him down, here he says, â€Å"Lord Selbourne . . . had been impressed with his vision and power of drive and thought courage was his great asset but the motive power is always self and I don’t think he has any principles. He was clever but quite devoid of judgement.† Also, â€Å"For Churchill to castigate the Admirals for their lethagy and complete absence of positive effort in failing to come up with a workable plan is a fatal inability to distinguish what was practical and what was not . . .† The first quote shows how Churchill had impressed Lord Selbourne, but Charmley doubts his decision and questions Churchill’s principals and says he is void of judgement. This is not true as in World War II Churchill must have had to make many a judgement to stay on top of the enemy; judgment is an act which requires great skill and the art of knowing what your opponent may be thinking. One example of Churchill’s judgement skills is a time before the war when he told Neville Chamberlain that Hitler was not to be trusted, but Chamberlain ignored him thinking peace could be achieved, later Churchill’s judgement was proved correct. Quote two tells us how Churchill criticises the Admirals for their complete lack of effort and ideas being produced, and that the ones being produced are not good enough. He then goes on to say that it is Churchill’s fault for not being able to distinguish the difference between a practical, well thought out idea, to an idea that was completely imperceptive. This is suggesting he cannot distinguish the difference between a good or bad idea, which once again is incorrect and is used to make him appear a man who leaves everything to his Generals. Charmley always tried to create an image of Churchill as a man who had no idea of what he was doing, which is untrue as he alone inspired and led millions of men not only to death, but also to victory, something Chamberlain or other political leaders could not have done. Chamberlain had the ideal idea of peace and love where Churchill knew war was the only way forward, showing his vast experience over Chamberlain and Charmley’s ridiculous comments. Charmley although criticizing makes a few good points against Churchill’s ideas and plans, â€Å"At this stage of the war Churchill grossly overestimated what could be achieved by sea power. It was Churchill who fixed upon the Narvik as the object of the Allied campaign. The Norwegian campaign was flawed in concept and muddled in execution. The command structures might have been designed to result in chaos.† Charmley here outlines the flaws in Churchill’s plan, he tells us that the plan was overestimated and badly structured and that Churchill’s campaign had flaws in it from the beginning, showing that Churchill’s ideas were not all good ones and he was not always the great leader people said he was. Charmley then describes the ‘End Of Glory’ celebrations, â€Å"Pursuing the slogan ‘Victory at all costs’, Churchill was casually indifferent to what the costs might be.† â€Å"Churchill stood for the British empire, for British independence and for an anti-socialist vision of Britain. By July 1945 the first of these was on the skids, the second was dependent solely on America and the third had just vanished in a Labour victory.† Charmley at this point tells us that Churchill was celebrating his victory but the costs could have been very different. What Churchill stood for in 1945 was then either on a down, relying on America or vanished in the Labour victory. So everything Churchill once stood for was now gone. For Charmley this is was a good point about Churchill as it reflected the victory and joy that was in the country. Charmley then obtains a source from another interpreter such as himself and analyses it into what he thinks the truth is, â€Å"Whatever Churchill may or may not have done wrong, he had won the war, obtained the American alliance and helped save us all from the Soviets.† Charmley interprets it as, â€Å"Churchill did not win the war; the Russians did with help from the Americans. Churchill did not bring the Americans into the war, the Japanese and Germans did. Indeed, Churchill’s first ally was the Soviet Union, an unlooked-for-one who provided the western allies with a real problem when it came to claiming their war was a sort of crusade against totalitarianism.† This sums up Charmley’s image of Churchill, he always found faults in his plans and ideas. He outlines how the war formed itself around Churchill and that he did not win it single-handed as people seemed to think, Charmley shows that it had little to do with him. It all happened by the incidents around him, he just amplified them as his own achievements so he could mould the perfect image for later generations to come to know him by, as proved by Clive Ponting who is my next historian. Clive Ponting shows Churchill’s good and bad side, but he tends to favour against leaders and has an anti-establishment view. His two bad sources come of the Naval war ships, â€Å"In dealing with the U-boat threat Churchill continued with the sanguine opinion formed before the war that there was no longer a menace, he therefore opposed the convey system, wanting instead to reduce the number of escorts, and concentrate on what he optimistically described as â€Å"hunting packs† of destroyers to attack the U-boats while in transit. The results were almost a complete failure, although the merchant ships sinkings were, at about 10,000 tons a month.† â€Å"The Royal Navy tactics which rarely detected a U-boat and their attacks when they happened were largely ineffective, about a 5% success rate.† â€Å"The Americans gave 50 not 96 ships and they were explicitly given in return for bases. The bases were in seven colonies not three and were not commercial facilities but military bases on very long leases (99 years). And they had obtained an explicit assurance that, in the worst circumstances, the fleet would sail to North America, the one commitment Churchill had rejected ever since he became Prime Minister.† † In practice the US destroyers turned out to be of little immediate value. Only 9 out of the 50 were in service by the end of 1940 and only 30 by May 1941.† These sources are very lengthy but go into great depth on the situation of the warships and trading. It shows how Churchill’s plans were a complete failure and how the success rate was minimal for the Naval fleet. He wasted bases and money on warships, none very effective, when overall the British Navy was meant to be one of the strongest in the world. Churchill also shows disregard towards other people’s opinions. He shows this when he says, † Stop grinning at me you bloody ape!† To Captain Talbot when he dares to contradict him, Talbot was dismissed at 10 minutes notice, although this cannot be verified, as Ponting was not there at the time. Ponting then describes Churchill’s story of leadership in a good and bad way showing his mixed views of Churchill. â€Å"After May 1940 he had come to symbolise the nation’s resistance and had been readily endorsed as a wartime leader. In 1945 Churchill remained true to his limited view of politics.† The change in years still showed how Churchill’s ways of tackling the problem at hand and his views of people’s ideas had not changed and that he had stuck to the same attitude throughout the war. Ponting thought this showed Churchill as a powerful leader who would not yield on the work he was doing, but saw it through until it was finished. Ponting then says, â€Å"His inability to provide an inspiring message to the nation in the last years of the war demonstrated by his lack of broadcasts only increased popular perceptions that he was not the man to win the peace.† When I first started to read this it appeared to me it was criticizing Churchill as it starts off negatively, but as you read towards the end you see how this was to Churchill’s advantage as it won him respect and people thought of him as the man that was tough and not afraid to fight. This was well written by Ponting as it reflected Churchill’s image. This next section could be called Churchill’s image, â€Å"Churchill certainly saw his biographers coming and was determined to mould the view that later generations would have of his life.† This and various other quotes from the paragraph, show that Churchill would not let his hard work and devotion to the war go unnoticed and wanted to make sure people heard about his accomplishments for many years to come. Churchill with his oratorical skills virtually wrote the biographies for the publisher. Clive Ponting is a good historian as he uses the facts and evidence of the events; he discusses and does not have a one-sided view, he uses multiple views, good and bad, giving reason and evidence. Unlike Charmley who has a very anti-establishment view of Churchill and leaders in general. We now come to our last historian David Irving. There is only one source in this book from David Irving but I felt it relevant to include him as it contained pertinent arguments and claims, â€Å"Churchill thought he was somehow above international law. The situation he argued gave Britain the right and duty to abrogate the very laws she sought to reaffirm by attacking German ships in Norwegian waters; forcing the French to transfer German POWs to Britain; attacking the French fleet and recommending the use of dum dum bullets and poison gas. Irving points out Churchill’s defiance in obeying the rules they were trying to re-establish. Fair play was not an option to Churchill; it shows how he went into international waters without permission and threatened his allies into giving him what he wanted, he liked to be in control of what was happening. Having the prisoners of war also gave Britain a cautious edge in case France was taken over; Britain still had a bargaining option. This gave Churchill the image of being a bully and ruthless leader, one who took tremendous risks. Irving through only one source manages to show the ruthless and deceitful side of Churchill, showing it was not all just fighting that helped Britain to victory but also his cunning plans. Irving is quite reliable as a source as he uses actual events and does not back these up by people’s comments, meaning it is purely his feelings on the matter. The other sources in the booklet are just different views of many people who all have their own interpretations, I chose these three as I found them to be the most intriguing and interesting to explain. There are some actual comments from Churchill himself and his colleagues but there are not many of them. Newspapers and posters just convey a tough image of Churchill, e.g. Churchill as a British Bulldog and a Sheriff. In conclusion I think no matter how you look at Churchill, he will always be considered a great man due to his commitment and encouragement to the armies which gave them hope and determination. He also drove the country through the war, something Chamberlain could not have done. Many of Churchill’s contemporaries and advisors tried to tell him what to do. He pushed all of these people aside and they did not respect him for it, they felt he was over ambitious. The people thought this was the image of a good leader, a strong man who made his own decisions. After the war was over everyone including world leaders, respected him and his decisions however far fetched they seemed at the time. He had got them through this most dangerous and trying time, he was a hero. The Historians I reviewed were correct in some of the things they said, for instance, when they give the good and bad points of Churchill and not just a one-sided view. Some of the quotes Charmley’s used were very biased against Churchill and seemed only to focus on the bad points of his career to make him seem a lesser individual. Irvine and Ponting both displayed good reliable points, showing his weaknesses and strengths. I can not call the contemporaries wrong because they do give crucial points, but also none of them actually say whether he was a good or bad leader, leaving the answer open for you to decide, but they do try and influence the way in which you answer. I would say the contemporaries were right in their opinions but everybody including the Historians had different views. Historians are more likely to be critical of Churchill than the people at that time as they were just happy to have won the war and read of his exploits in the newspapers. He to them saved their lives and they considered they owed him a great debt. Historians were not there and did not know the pressures he was under. They criticize him because people say he was a great leader and they try to put him down and show his flaws not just the good points. They show the public the truth about what happened, and what people of the time blanked out, due to victory and patriotism. Here are advantages and disadvantages of Churchill’s contemporaries and Historians: Advantages – Censorship, morale, newspapers, and victories. The need to believe in their leader. Disadvantages- Narvik campaign, ignored advisors, unworkable ideas, knew about bombings of places such as Coventry, USA took advantage of GB in lend lease agreement. If you notice the advantages are from or to people at the time. Disadvantages are from the historians. I think if you look closely enough into Churchill’s campaign you will find flaws, but nobody is perfect both the Contemporaries and the Historians have every right to question this but never should they say he was a bad leader, as he got them through and helped win the war, something no one else dared do.

The Rise of Event Industry

Introduction To emergence Report The explicate Of matter Industry And Event tourism YinJin Chen (Damon) 2-6 Words Count 2052 spoken communication Date 20 October, 2012 Table Of suffice Introduction. 3 Chapter One Events point immediately4 People activities 4 Government Support. 4 grave for topical anesthetic5 Chapter Two Events and purlieu Sustainability 5 Important for Environment Sustainability. 5 Effects to environment.. 6 What mea originals we seat do? The wide-ranginggest challenges that we faced8 Chapter trine The situations set up on society in upcoming.. 9 Positive effectuate 9 Negative effects 10 Events perseverance in 20 long prison term. 11 Conclusion 12 fiber List.. 13 Introduction In todays society background, magnanimous morsel do to pay to a greater extent prudence for the development of pillow slip constancy and suit tourism. For the past years, you might non flip any concept approximately instance, by chance you as well did not not ice that payoff occurred in the world every individual minute.Event has already into our look and good deal number different procedures in it. Based on size and impact, we describe and categories them such as Mega-Events, for example exceptional Games, populace Cup. authentication Events which equivalent China Spring festival, The Water-sprinkling Festival. major(ip) Events such as Golf break championship, Formula virtuoso racing. General speaking, the number of the events and which exhibit of developing affects our life. What benefits that events fix to us? what disadvantages that events ca social function? In the following report, I am going to analysis the splendor of the events fabrications in todays Society.What measures nookie an event put one across in state to achieve environmental sustainability? How does events manufacture effects our society in the rising. Chapter one Special events domiciliate admit national days and celebrations, all- subjecti ve(a) civil occasions, unique cultural performances, major uninfected fixtures, corporate functions, trade promotions and product launches (Bowdin et al, 2011). It looks ilk that we cornerstone consider events are everyplace and today it has became a growth industry. For example, as News reported that for recent exceeding Games held which attract more than and more countries and athletes to figure in it.At the kindred clipping, the number of earreach has also been increasing year by year. Such as the 2012 majestics Games in London, Chinese audiences in China in line of battle to watch the games on TV that do not care somewhat time difference. The emergence of events bring a large number of tourists to horde venue, tourists induct employment on local and at the similar time TV ratings increase has brought big income which direct cause huge economic growth. Government play an important type in Events, sometimes government causes notes and policy support to or ganizers, sometimes governments whitethorn also themselves be event producers or troops organizations.For example, Mega-events exchangeable Olympic Games, globe Cup. For event tourism, Governments invested in the development of event tourism, which give gold support, contributed important to events special needs infrastructure, for example, exhibition centers and stadiums. In the special(prenominal) case of China, for example, there was that one blueprint and exhibition center bigger than 50,000 square meters in 1992. By 2003 this number had risen to 16(Kaye, 2005). Events are also important for local residential district, as we come earmark Events, for example Chinese New year, The water-sprinkling Festival in Thai, The Munich Oktoberfest.These kind of festivals attract outside(prenominal) tourism and mercy fund-raising. That is reason wherefore those places of their communities that female genitals still continue a century upstartr for many a(prenominal) of these f estivals. Chapter devil The real question regarding environmental sustainable is What are we going to leave to future(a) generations. Today more heap effected that if we keep developing our world which corresponding what we did before, we need more than one man to depict resources to primary(prenominal)tain our life. So this simply makes us to realized the importance of sustainable development.At the moment when we development of events, we also bring some impacts to the environment at the same time. For example, when we are building a convocation and exhibition center, we pass on to concern about carbon emissions because of the engineering machinery we are using. How to correctly deal with construction waste is also a serious problem. As time moves on, the term dark- dark-green events gather in entered the events industry to generally refer to control the disallow environmental impacts of events, including carbon diminution, recycling, waste reduction and so on.Olym pic Games is one of famous Mega-events. The centennial Olympic Congress, Congress of Unity, held in genus Paris in 1994, recognized the importance of the environment and sustainable development, which led to the inclusion of a paragraph in Rule 2 of the Olympic Charter (Olympic. org, unknown time). The IOC(International Olympic Committee) has admitted its specific function to promote sustainable development and to take the environment as the third dimension of the Olympic spirit, dramatic plays and culture. Event discolour is not rocket cognition it is common sense if you care about people and our planet.It should also make pecuniary sense, and build a positive brand, with many other benefits unfolding as it becomes a standard way of doing business. However, it is essential that it is combine into the core function of the event, and should not be an afterwardsthought or an add-on at the last minute (Plato, 2010). It is very important that environmental sustainability are all owd good from the start, even in the tender touch for larger events. High-level support is essential and an appropriate budget to make sure that events greening handle is productive.To go through the successful implementation of event- greening strategy, there are some processes we outhouse do. Preparation As an events organizer, firstly we have to set up a green squad, not save one person. Everyone in this team is performing each role. For example, the green team could include managers, high-level decision makers, managers, environmental experts, and signalise operational staff relating to aspects such as venues, tran romp, communication and so on. Making events green should not be the responsibility of only one person, but is a team effort including all the different role players. PlanningThe second blackguard is to determine the main principles and these principles should be supported by go through a simple greening policy to show what you want to achieve. This can be g iven to sponsors and suppliers, so that they are also encouraged to hire their environmental impact, and to keep your policy. Implementation The third step is to ensure the planning into real action. If more people participate, it lead make the business much easier. Encourage participants to get actively involved in greening initiatives, and ensure that they are aware of process and know how they can contribute.Staff and team members should be assured about the greening plan, and their in the process should be clued. supervise and evaluation Monitoring and evaluation in the green event is a very necessary conditions, it should be applied to and continuous development. In the elaborated plan, the early event middle and late relates in together. This can guarantee discipline in the implementation process pass on not be misunderstood. I conceive the biggest challenges for us to do is that when an event has finished, if we consider sustainability, it is important to take into c count the positive long-run impact or legacy of event on the host city or community. Like how to strengthen the mixer impact, such as community involvement and bonny employment. Balancing with increase local economic, cordial and environmental benefits. Chapter 3 Events can have some positive and oppose favorable impacts in the future. Cooper et al. (2005,pp. 246-247) have determine the following positive generic social impacts of tourism that can also be ascribed to events. * The fostering of community/ civic pride. Creating sociocultural awareness and peace. * Shared infrastructure. * Direct sociocultural support. (Raj & Musgrave, 2009) According to the above, events can let people fell the real life. This will prod and assist the host feel proud, and will a better experience for the participants. Events can bring people to new places and give them more understanding and knowledge of cultures and environments. This can be looked as a process of education, if leader do lik e this properly, it can make our society has more awareness, jack ladder and admiration.Events can make countries bring more culture exchange, so that the participants and the local community can promote peaceful development. When events host in a developing country, for example, the FIFA 2010 World Cup in South Africa, The local infrastructure according to the requests of events construction, so this can make people to improve the look of life by enjoy these modify facilities. These infrastructures include improving sports venues, airport and creation transportation construction. The different events can provide funds to help local charities, preserves natural and culture sites and restore inheritance sites.The revenue comes from events held in the goods sold and tickets represent can be donated to the local charity organization. Events can also have negative impacts in future, it can effects to participants, stakeholders and host local community. Events participants from oth er country that sometimes their behaviors can bring a harmful impact on quality of life for the local community. For example, such as crowd and congestion will happen in future. In some country, local people has being displaced from their land in order to build new facilities construction.For example like Olympic games. How to deal with the Games infrastructure after games, especially new venues. More worry needs to be paid like after Olympic Games end, charge the regional and venues fees whether can provide sustainable returns and make community benefit. If such facilities do not have a significant post-Games use they can become white elephants, and a burden to the taxpayers (Cashman, 2002). One question we have to think about which is after Olympic games, do we have to put currency in to maintain the venues? If we need, making money price effective.Sydneys Aquatic tenderness is a good example of a dual purpose venue in that it housed both the best facilities for elite sport as well as sport for all venue, which included play areas for children. The future of the Main Stadium, by contrast, is more problematic. there is the initial cost of reconfiguring the Stadium, reducing its aptitude from 120,000 to 80,000 and then there is the problem of decision sufficient tenants to make the Stadium cost efficient (Searle, 2002) In my opinion, events industry in future 20 years will be a lot of changes.Because events of the future will need to adapt and adopt to respond to economic, environmental, social and technological changes. As we think an event has to think green today and even more in future. Events bring our environment negative effects step by step reduce and make more contribution to make our environment sustainability. Events of shield will be increased and myriad of new themes will be gave out. Events industry comprehensive rise up and become the important part of the tourism economic. ConclusionAs the Olympic Games has been hosting successfully, people become to pay more attention about events industry. Events is developing gradually and become more important. only in its development process we also see negative effects for our environment and society. But I believe that in the events industry development process of future, the organizers will be more efficient to manage it in order to make event industry better. Reference List Bowdin, G. , Allen, J. , OToole, W. , Harris, R. , McDonnell, I. , (2011). Events management. tertiary ed.Great Britain, Elsevier. Cooper, C. , Fletcher, J. , Fyall, A. , Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (2005). Tourism Principles and Practice, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, London. Cashman, Richard (2002) meet of the Games on Olympic host cities university blab on the Olympics online article. Barcelona Centre dEstudis Olimpics (UAB). International contribute in Olympism (IOC-UAB). Available from http//olympicstudies. uab. es/lectures/ weave/pdf/cashman. pdf Date of publication2002 Kaye, A. (2005). Chinas c onvention and exhibition center boom.Journal of Convention Event Tourism, 7(1), 5-22. Olympic. org. Mission Internet Sport and environment charge Available from http//www. olympic. org/sport-environment-commission? tab=mission Plato, D,. (2010). cause to be perceived Events HANDBOOK How to implement event greening. ness Town, Independent publisher. Raj, R. and Musgrave, J. (2009). Event Management and Sustainability. plug International, London. Searle, Glen (2002) Uncertain legacy Sydneys Olympic stadium. European planning studies, vol. 10, no. 7, p. 845-60.