Market Entry Of Hui Li Shoes Into Singapore Marketing Essay

Market Entry Of Hui Li Shoes Into Singapore Marketing Essay The International marketing which is defined as performance of business activities including price, promotions, product and distribution decision and then the task of marketing research is to systematically collect data, process it into valuable information which is important for getting marketing decision. The information of the host country on political stability, cultural attributes and geographical characteristic are required for sound for foreign markets. Information on economic general data on level of growth, inflation levels, business cycles and the levels of competition in that particular industry. These directly affect the economic viability of the product, since some of the factors affect profitability. This report examines possible feasibility of plan for china shoes company Hui Li entering the Singapore market. It indicated that despite previous successes for the company in china market significant strategic alterations to its target segmentations and marketing mixes as well as supply and distribution operations will be necessary for success in entering Singapore. It suggests that the future economic growth of the Singapore market and considering the position of international competitor already operating in the market that it is a critical objective for the company to enter the market in order to maintain long term growth of market 2. Background of Hui Li 300000876508128399649319422 During the 1970s, The Ping Pong model since 1976. By Hui Li brand sneakers were the popular shoes in China its bright and clean design a sharp contrast to the drab homogeneity of Communist China. Continuing into the 1980s, the shoe remained a status symbol for Chinese teenagers who were well-off enough to don a pair of famous Warrior models Hui Li. But as China opened up economically, so did the marketplace for sneaker brands. when the 50 year-old Hui Li name was still popular in China, it was no longer well-known as one of the premier Chinese brands. Instead, Hui Li shoes became the shoe of the working class worn by poor construction workers, elderly women and rural citizens looking for a pair of cheap, durable shoes, inexpensive brand name and mark-up. Fascinated by this story, a graphic design student from China recently released a photography book which features people wearing Warriors in various areas of China. Each copy of Book of Warriors comes with a pair of Warriors models by Hui Li. The author, Shumeng Ye, wishes to use the Hui Li brand to tell the story behind the shoes and represent a varity side of China. Not either the industrial power and economic power, but the daily life of a country with its own distinctive sneaker culture. A pair of Hui Li shoes was very expensive at the 1960s, and was popular trendy for young people at that time. Nowdays this old Chinese brands to make their comeback. 3. Market Entry of Hui Li Shoes into Singapore 01300000206900126032684190582 The main reason for entering Singapore is to increase sales and profits. Building up a branch in other town, city or state, entering a foreign market is mainly part of the relentless quest for business expansion and growth. Hui Li has a very useful business model and has gained market share in China market, the only way break into more wealth country in Asia. Hui Li targets young people. In Singapore, many young people like to wear designer, including working adults, sportspeople, schooling children, business people and the elderly. People in Singapore like to spend money on quality products, there have more dispose income, and they like to try out new products, especially from China, Japan, Korean, the USA and India. Also, there are not many shoes companies from China to Singapore; therefore, there is a possibility to market this new product brand in Singapore as the consumption size of market is actually growing. There are a range of potential routes by which Hui Li could enter this market. Ideally they have to pursue a strategy of equity investment have all control of its operations within Singapore. Whilst such a strategy carries the greatest risk it also provides the greatest reward and, most crucially, protects the integrity of the business and the brand. Hui Li has the financial resources, expertise and experience to do so and has proficiency in entering competitive market. As the decisions, which they make will directly affect every part of their business for many years in the future to Singapore. but, this is important in the decision-making process as firms assessment of the cost and risk associated with exporting their product into Singapore market. Exporting will be the best entry mode for manufacturers like Hui Li that wants active penetration of Singapore markets will look to direct export channel. Direct export has contained higher startup costs, greater information requirements and higher risks. They will choose Singapore agent channel and branch channel. Franchising is a form of licensing in which a company licenses a business system as well as property rights to an independent company or person. 4. Problems that could exist in Singapore for Hui Li Rivalry is placed in a central role for entering Singapore market. This means that company basically hastocompeting in industry effectively. It is obvious that global and local companies make intense competition for Hui Li. competitor most compete at same level of price and quality for leather shoes industry in Singapore including VANS from USA, TOPMAN from UK. The successful competitors has already got amount of market share and brand loyalty with consumer tastes over period of time. Hui Li has to be well prepared and well known Singapore market. Otherwise they May lose by those competitors. The market of china is slightly different from Singapore market, so that Hui Lis shoes may not be preferable for local consumer preferences. Consumer may only recognize the product which already established this market over decades. It may take time that makes them to accept new brand like Hui Li. Also brand loyalty has already established by their global and local competitor. It will be more difficult for them to switch their favorable brand easily. Moreover the brand reputation in Singapore is not as good as other international brand. The consumer may not choose their Hui Li product in first place even with high quality shoes. As the initial capital required for Hui Li to establish branch in Singapore, it will be huge amount of fixed and operation costs. Culture may influence on consumer behavior. Segmenting in terms of culture factors, Singapore also segment overall society in smaller subcultures. These subcultures division are based on variety sociocultural and demographic variables. Such as nationality, religion, geographic location, race, age and sex. Subcultures may have problem for Hui Li that loss of focus on to market targets. Because Singapore has multi combinations of nationalities like China, India and Malaysia. The Hui Li must determine whether the beliefs and customs shared by members of a specific subculture make them desirable choose for special marketing attention. Identification of subculture is complex in segmenting market particularly in countries like Singapore. They only enable to focus on sizable and natural segments as different members of a specific subculture have different preference of Hui Li shoes. 5. Environmental analysis of Singapore market 5.1 cultural analyses Geographical Setting A. Location Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia B. Climate Singapore is generally hot and humid. Its warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping below 20Â °C (68Â °F), even at night, and usually climbing to 30Â °C (86Â °F) during the day. C. Living condition Singapore has a very high standard of living for expatriates and the city has one of the best living conditions in Southeast Asia. Singapore people have more money to buy consumption goods. 5.2 Competitive analysis for Red Dragonfly SWOT factors Strengths good quality price affordable designed long lasting Weaknesses not international brand not popular Opportunities new affordable spending power of people in Singapore is high people like to try new things, new designs something exclusive Threat competition from leading brands price possible copying from others too many other shoe companies in Singapore 5.3 PEST FACTORS Political Environment Spore govt is very stable No problems with conflicting rulers /parties/groups/government Gets along well with other countries International countries like to promote their products in Singapore Economic Environment Spores economy is very stable Everyone has a job People in Singapore like to spend money Good jobs and good income Good education / almost everyone is educated Business-oriented Social Environment (social activities , social clubs , lifestyle of Singapore people, foreigners, ) People in Spore love clubbing, parties, gatherings Lifestyle is very rich -Many activities in many clubs, community center Multi-racial , harmony Many foreign mixture of people Mixed society Social media/interaction/very socially connected Technological Environment (internet, globalization, modernity, techno, phones, communication) People in Singapore are techno-savvy Internet is available everywhere Every home has Internet connection Most people use WIFI Latest hand-phone / smart phone technology Lots of people use social media eg. Facebook, twitter, etc Use hand-phone for everything internet, communication, discussion, conference, meetings, schools, etc The environment that needs further study will be the economic and social environment in Singapore for shoes. 6. Evaluation of the Marketing Mix (the 4 Ps) for possible adaptation Product Fashion designed with high technologies Popular in China Good quality Price Affordable price Priced for quality Priced for Brand Affordable for the Singapore market Promotion Visual merchandising such as store design and layouts Poster Newspaper advertisements / magazines Place -Located their retailer store at orchard road -Main shopping mall -Local partners 7. Conclusion of Analysis I think that Hui Li has perspective future in SG market. According to cultural analysis, we have brief knowledge about Singapore. The living condition of Singapore has a high standard of living. People like to buy more product, Hui Li may possible to entry this market to increase sales. And the climate has indicated that Hui Li need to decide what type of shoes can meet consumer needs in order to weather of generally hot and HUMIND in Singapore. Competitive analysis Hui Li will go through external and internal factors. There is no question that the phenomenon makes both opportunities and threats to Hui Li who looking for compete successfully in the international market. There is growing power for developing nations where Singapore presents significant business opportunities for Hui Li in entering. Local people would like to try new brand product with high quality and affordable price, even the brand is not international. However, most of competitors are international brand that Hui Li have to compete with them for market share and consumer loyalty, they need to differentiate their shoes to meet people needs. Finally the deciding mainly depends on an analysis of both external environmental conditions. Pest has provided general ideals that macro environment of Singapore. The factors indicated that economic of Singapore is growing and people have higher disposable income, political environment has encouraged foreign investment with lower tax rate. Society in Singapore is harmony with multi-racial foreign mixture of people. The macro environment for Singapore hat great impact for Hui Lis entering. The analysis of marketing mix in Singapore market has significant effects on Hui Li entering. And it is reasonable to recommend that a well know brand name has major impact on strategic planning process. All of 4p help Hui Li to build their brand successful in Singapore. Hui Li may local their retailer store at Orchard Road and main shopping mall. Orchard Road is main center for peoples attention and shopping around. The brand recognition can increase by locating this market place. The ownership of the Hui Li brand can cooperate with local partners will be able to help them access the Singapore distribution systems more effectively. They may promote main emphasis on visual merchandising such as layouts of store can be necessarily impact on communication tools with consumer and advertising on TV and newspaper. As the price of leather shoes are affordable and the product is well designed with quality one. All of analysis indicted that it is great opportunity for Hui Li to entry this ma rket. 8.Strategic Marketing Plan Marketing Plan for Hui Li Shoes 1 2. 1.Marketing objectives A. Target market B. Expected sales year 20 C. Profit expectation year 20 D. Market penetration and coverage Adaptation Core component B. Packaging component C. Support service component A. Adults, all ages B. 2 million dollars C. Three hundred thousand dollars D. Advertising, lower prices Main shopping center Such as: Orchard Road, Bugis. Well-designed shoes with high quality Delicated package Feedback 3. Promotion mix Advertising Objective Media mix Message Costs Sales promotion A. Objectives B. Coupons C. Costs Other promotional methods A. Promote products B. Magazine and TV C. Fashion product and high quality D. 40000 Promote new brand Newspaper Discount for the new buyer C. 50000 Poster 4 Distribution from origin to destination Port selection Origin port Destination port 2.Mode selection AD/DIS Air carrier packing A. Marking and labeling regulations B. Costs Documentation required A. Bill of lading B. Dock receipt C. Air bill D. Commercial invoice E. Proforma invoice F. Shippers export declaration G. Statement of origin 5.Insurance claim China port Singapore port A. AD Quick and convenience DIS may not get permission to entry and quotas A. Shoe box B. 10000 All needs 5. 10000 5 Channel of distribution Retailers Type and number of retail stores Retail markups for products in each type of retail store Methods of operation for each type 5 center stores B. Store Cash and credit card Scale of operation for each type Import and exports agent Warehousing A. Type B. Location D. Large A. Stores B. Bugis Orchard Road 6 Price determination 1.Cost of the shipment of goods 2.Transportation costs 3.Handling expenses A. Loading and unloading charges 4.Insurance costs 5.Customs duties 6.Import taxes and value-added tax 7.Wholesale and retail markups and discounts 8.companys gross margins 9.retail price 1. 10000 2. 15000 A.3000 4.30000 5.4000 6. 7% 7. 20% 8. 30% 9.50-100 7 Methods of payment 1.Cash in advance 2.Open accounts 3.Consignment sales 4.Sight, time or date drafts 5.Letters of credit Cash in advance Open account

The Comparative Advantage of Sexual Divisions of Labor Essay -- Econom

Historical Perspectives on the Comparative Advantage of Sexual Divisions of Labor In modern microeconomic models of the household, one commonly sees a division of labor between the husband and wife predicated on a comparative advantage in the market or the household respectively. The idea is that women are somehow less fit for work in the marketplace while they are innately superior at the domestic tasks of cooking, cleaning, and childrearing. There are two prevailing perspectives on the mechanics of this comparative advantage. The first argues that women are somehow biologically fitted to domestic tasks. This was true for Adam Smith who saw the social structures of society arising out of a biological necessity. Malthus, on the other hand, saw the same biological necessity as operating in opposition to the social structures that arose to keep the pressures of population in check. The second perspective argues that a comparative advantage is a socially constructed idea and not rooted in the biological history of the race. Martineau in her story â€Å"Cousi n Marshall† delineated the life of what she saw as a virtuous and noble woman. Virginia Woolf, however, decried what she saw as the deplorable poverty of women in A Room of One’s Own. Her solution, however, only served to further separate the spheres of men and women. Finally, Charlotte Perkins Gilman similarly objected to the state of women in Women and Economics and ultimately proposed a society that abolished any division of labor along sexual lines. None of these authors seem to contest the presence of a comparative advantage in the division of labor as their societies stand. However this does not imply that all the authors agreed on the exact features of this... ...here there were no gendered distinctions in defense of women. One could argue that our modern society is a point along the way to attaining Gilman’s utopian solution. More likely, however, we have made little progress and Gilman’s solutions still feel innovative and strange. References Gilman, C (1998). Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press. Malthus, Thomas R (1798). Essay on the Principle of Population [Electronic Version]. Retrieved September 19, 2003, from http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/ public/MalPopu.html Martineau, H (1832). Illustrations of Political Economy No. VIII. London: Charles Fox. Smith, A (1766). Lectures on Jurisprudence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Woolf, V (1929). A Room of One’s Own. London: Harcourt.

Some Like It Hot – Station Sequence

In the previous sequence, Joe imitated a feminine voice to get a job with Jerry in a group of female musicians. But an ellipsis deals with their disguise, obscured by a continuity shot. Thus it is a way two new feminine characters who appear on the platform. This sequence also marks the appearance of Sugar/Marilyn and the confrontation of the single men with ‘a completely different sex'. 1. Tracking in with a background of nervous jazz : a close shot shows the back of the two musicians, from waist to heels.We recognize them thanks to their instruments : on the left, with the bow legs which hardly hold on the high heels belong to the player of double bass, Jerry. On the right, Joe walks more straight ahead, but the muscles of his calves are not less bulging. The extras who overtake them are all men, what even more points up their femininity. 2. From then now, the tracking out shows us the â€Å"result† of the disguise in the face.Joe, made up tastefully, makes a likely an d elegant woman, his white fur collar contrasting with his dark clothes; Jerry, with his more extravagant leopardskin collar enhanced by a rustle and by a double feather on his cloche hat, mixes in his clothes hairs, feathers and petals. His lipstick extends widely beyond his upper lip, we guess he is worry thanks to a pout. In voice-over, an announcement of the station tells that the train which Joe and Jerry get ready to take is the â€Å"Florida Limited†, that goes to Miami.The musicians thus get the job in the girls' orchestra, but will they go through the test of the disguise? 3. 4. Close shots on Joe, then on Jerry, each of them seems to take a detached expression in a weak-willed manner. They allow to see closer how each acts like a woman : Joe, simpering, glancing aside, is in the register of seduction. Jerry, in perpetual adjustment, oscillates between the girl (when he opens wide eyes) and the lady 5. 6. 7. Follow-up of the tracking in in the back.First lurch of Jer ry, who twists his ankle because of his high heels. It is not the first time he grumbles since Joe, pragmatic (their aim is to get in the train to escape the gangsters) is irritated by his lamentations. Tony Curtis, with his pale and powdered complexion, his half-closed eyelids as if he was already bored to be disguised as a woman, lets to Jack Lemmon a surprising and excessive palette of face expressions. (6). Bent forwards, Jerry keeps repeating the sex change, unable to be used to the conventions which govern the feminine clothing. How can they walk on these things? † Joe's very coarse and anatomical answer (â€Å"Must be the way their weight is distributed†) directly anticipates the appearance of Sugar, differently â€Å"distributed† indeed. After there is a reverse shot on the line of musicians who gets on the train (7) supplies a set of specimens who adds to Jerry's panic (â€Å"It's no use. We'll never get away with it†. Not always come to know ever y details of his character, he turns his glance to an ideal model. 8. 9.Catching, off screen, the eyes of both actors playing a female role, Sugar also appears, â€Å"cut in two† at the belt-level. The music theme completely changes for a slower but warmer jazz (the muted trumpet replaces the saxophone). As Jerry, she is wearing a feather on her hat, and her ukulele, she is holding like a feminine accessory, seems like a miniature bass. These are the first two common points, still discreet, of a relation in mirror between Daphne and Sugar who will go on throughout the film.When she passes by near Joe and Jerry, the glances focus on the bottom of her body in so fixing a way like in a cartoon (the glance of the lustful wolf of Tex Avery) 10. a. Front/behind : contrary to Joe and Jerry, Sugar is filmed at first by face at the top, then by back, at the bottom. In point 2, the suspense focused the expectation of the spectator on the transformation (what will Curtis and Lemmon look like in woman? ); here, the suspense is in a way erotic : once Marilyn is identified by face, the question concerns her clothes, how her figure is emphasized.We also notice that Marilyn's acting is as exuberant as that of her two partners : fluttering her lashes, moving her lips, rolling gait, she overplays femininity almost as much as Lemmon and Curtis 10. b. The echo of point 9 with point 1 is interrupted by the vapour blast which, from the train, surprises Sugar. The goal is to aim Marilyn's bottom. In point 6, Jerry complained about draughts under his dress, alluding to the anatomical difference between man and woman but also to the fact that the disguise displays him : it is an exposure.More than the draught, the white vapour blast materializes the desire which has just sprung from this first meeting : Sugar is literally â€Å"whistled† by the train. He also puts Sugar in experimental feminine subject : how does she react? How does she move? How does she go on walking a fter this hitch? 11. † it's like jello on springs! †. As a boy who took a toy into pieces to see how it works, Jerry questions the anatomical difference, wonders about feminine mechanics and already sees in Sugar a model to be imitated, whereas Joe, totally blown away, is brought down by love at first sight.The left and the right of the shot are separated by an invisible border between drama and comic. 12. When the newsboy arrives, the headlines of the newspaper (the gangsters are looking for the witnesses of the massacre) definitely position the disguise. Contrary to what Joe promises, Jerry and him are not going to stop this masquerade. If they want to live, they have to reborn in women, come across the shot and blend in the reverse shot, join the line of blond women with hat and instrument. 13. It is a success. Both of them are credible.Nevertheless Jerry, who is not completely transformed yet, has difficulties in speaking more high-pitched. â€Å"You two from the Po liakoff Agency? † â€Å"Yes, we're the new girls. † â€Å"Brand new†. This first pun of a long series done by Jerry betrays his jubilation to be between two sexes. 14. 15. 16. 17. This series of shots and reverse shots sets up, between the two men, a kind of â€Å"every man for himself† : Jerry surprises Josephine by renaming Daphne, Josephine invents a story about the Sheboygan Conservatory of Music (This city really exists in Wisconsin).Their first conversation with â€Å"Sweet† Sue introduces a crossing of border from a sex to the other one, but also a time travel. Aboard this train, the transvestites travel with twenty-year-old girls, in an atmosphere of summer camp bossed around by an iron lady. 18. First feminine misadventure of Jerry (Bienstock pinches his bottom). But both are recognised as â€Å"real ladies† : this remark of the only man of the troop sounds like a birth certificate.

Essay on Freedom Riders - 1426 Words

The Freedom Riders were a group of college students and leaders of various racial equality organizations, both blacks and whites, which tested the law of integration for public transportation. The law was instated, but Alabama especially didn’t follow it. The Freedom Riders rode buses into the cities to see if the townspeople accepted or declined the new law. They in turn ended up beating, pummeling, and chasing the riders out of town with the white mobs. The Freedom Riders violently fought the segregation of blacks and whites for public transportation systems, and their victory led to the integration of many other places and the making of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Freedom Riders started their trip from Washington D.C. on May†¦show more content†¦The riders were beaten again by another mob (Powledge 255). The Freedom Riders then proceeded to head down South to Birmingham, Alabama on May 20, 1961, at 8:30 A.M. CST from the Greyhound Bus Station to test the newl y instated law involving the integration for public transportation. The spokesman for the group was a twenty-one year old named John Lewis. They were led by police vehicles on the highway and followed by undercover cop cars for protection. When they arrived at 10:23 A.M. CST they were bombarded by a mob of people (Loory 573). A white male named James Peck was beaten unconsciously and needed 56 stitches to close up his head wounds (Powledge 255). Stuart H. Loory, a reporter who trailed the journey of the Freedom Riders’ bus, states in great detail that, â€Å"The mob had first pummeled three National Broadcasting Co. newsmen and several other photographers, smashing their equipment. Then it turned to vent its unsatisfied fury on the band of students who stood quietly on the bus platform, apparently not knowing what to do after completing the ride from Birmingham.† The mobsters used everything imaginable to beat the riders. Loory had been on the platform, escaped withou t injury, and witnessed this as follows, Using metal pipes, baseball bats, sticks, and fists, the mob surged on the small group of Freedom Riders, clubbing, punching, chasing, and beating both whites and Negroes. When some of the bus riders began toShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom Riders1204 Words   |  5 PagesBBB Period N 18 March 2013 Freedom Riders Backlash The Freedom Riders strive through a journey of hardships to have their point accepted by others, which was bus desegregation. Through the journey the Freedom Rides took some obstacles that affected them physically and mentally. They fought threw times like the downfalls that their movement brought and the mobs that greeted them in every state. The mobs were verbally and physically violent towards the Freedom Riders more than a few times whileRead MoreEssay about Freedom Riders1575 Words   |  7 Pages Freedom Riders â€Å"Freedom Riders† were a group of people, both black and white, who were civil rights activists from the North who â€Å"meant to demonstrate that segregated travel on interstate buses, even though banned by an I.C.C. Ruling, were still being enforced throughout much of the South† (The South 16). The Riders attempted to prove this by having a dozen or so white and black Freedom Riders board buses in the North and travel through Southern cities. This was all â€Å"a coldly calculated attemptRead MoreFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause1400 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause â€Å"If not us, then who? If not now, then when? Will there be a better day for it tomorrow or next year? Will it be less dangerous then? Will someone else’s children have to risk their lives instead of us risking ours?† -- John Lewis May 16, 1961, to other Nashville students considering joining the Freedom Rides John Lewis, a young black man who was born in the South, participated in the Freedom Rides. His statement rang true when Nashville students were facedRead MoreAn Analysis of Freedom Riders: The Documentary by Stanley Nelson1674 Words   |  7 Pages Stanley Nelson chronicles the journey of a group of individuals, known as the Freedom Riders, whom fought for the rights of African Americans to have the same amenities and access as the Caucasians. The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to deliberately violate the Jim Crow laws of the south that prohibited blacks and whites from mixing together on buses and trains. Expectedly, many of the Freedom Riders were beaten and the majority was imprisoned. This carried on for the majority of 1961 and culminatedRead MoreThe Freedom Riders : A Powerful And Inspiring Documentary On The Six Years996 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Freedom Riders† was a powerful and inspiring documentary on the six months of 1961 that altered America’s hi story. More than four hundred African Americans and whites put their lives in danger, bearing mob beatings and incarceration, as they travelled through the Deep South in numerous buses from May until November of 1961. As the freedom riders knowingly violated Jim Crow laws, they were confronted with cruel racism and violence which painfully pushed against their mindset of nonviolent activismRead MoreFreedom Riders, By John Lewis, A Former Freedom Rider1087 Words   |  5 PagesThis quote from John Lewis, a former Freedom Rider I believe with those words perfectly describes why these Freedom Riders began their journey. After reading the textbook, Visions of America and watching the video clip from American Experience of Freedom Riders I was able to make myself knowledgeable about Freedom Riders. Both the textbook and the video I thought engaged me into the information I was either reading or listening. So, what exactly are Freedom Riders, what were the impacts of this eventRead MoreF reedom Riders Speech788 Words   |  4 Pagessegregation that it eventually led to violence. In 1960, a group of brave people of a variety races came up with the idea of â€Å"Freedom Rides†. They knew the consequences of their cause, a 13 person group, protesting against something that most of the world stood for, and yet they still did everything they could do , to help end it. The Freedom Riders’ goals were to â€Å"challenge the non-enforcement of the united states supreme court decisions Morgan vs. virginia† (quizlet.com)Read MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesSouth. At this time, segregation was legal. In 1892, the Supreme Court had ruled that a state could separate whites and blacks as long as the services were equal. On May 4, 1961, a diverse group of thirteen courageous individuals known as the Freedom Riders embarked on a bus journey into the South in order to challenge segregation in bus terminals. Although many individuals believed that segregation was wrong, many southern states continued to practice racial segregation. Racial segregation isRead MoreEssay On Freedom Riders738 Words   |  3 PagesThe Freedom Riders were remarkable, fearless Americans. They were extraordinary, ordinary people . . . young people who took the reins of history and wouldnt let go.† -Mark Samels, American Experience Executive Producer. This documentary showed a very dark time of American history, but in the dark is where the heroes come along. The people who took a stand and took part in the Freedom Rider is truly brave, and fearless, they are the people who made the America. Originally the Freedom Riders startedRead MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Freedom Riders were a group of around 13 people. Most of them were African Americans but there were always a few white skinned people in the group as well. There was no set leader for the Freedom Riders. The Freedom Riders rode interstate buses into the Southern United States. The south was referred to as the most segregated part of the U.S. The main goal of the Freedom Riders was to desegregate and become â€Å"separate but equal.† They had also set out to defy the Jim Crow Laws. The Freedom Riders

Dna Digestion and Electrophoresis - 728 Words

DNA DIGESTION AND ELECTROPHORESIS In this experiment we will be doing a process called as DNA digestion or also known as restriction digest. A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing. It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation, scientists Hartl and Jones describe it this way: This enzymatic technique can be used for cleaving DNA molecules at specific sites, ensuring that all DNA fragments that contain a particular sequence have the same size; furthermore, each fragment that contains the desired sequence has the sequence located at exactly the same position within the fragment. The cleavage method makes use of an important class of DNA-cleaving enzymes isolated primarily†¦show more content†¦One of the most important reaction conditions which varies between different restriction enzymes is the salt concentration. Enzyme buffers are specifically formulated to provide the salt concentration for optimal enzyme activity. It is important, therefore, that the correct buffer solution is used for a particular restriction enzyme. [3] For this experiment we also made use of agarose gel electrophoresis, which takes a lot of time. Electrophoresis may be the main technique for molecular separation in todays cell biology laboratory. In spite of the many physical arrangments for the apparatus, and regardless of the medium through which molecules are allowed to migrate, all electrophoretic separations depend upon the charge distribution of the molecules being separated. Electrophoresis can be one dimensional or two dimensional. One dimensional electrophoresis is used for most routine protein and nucleic acid separations. Two dimensional separation of proteins is used for finger printing , and when properly constructed can be extremely accurate in resolving all of the proteins present within a cell. The support medium for electrophoresis can be formed into a gel within a tube or it can be layered into flat sheets. The tubes are used for easy one dimensional separations, while the sheets have a larger surface area and are better for two- dimensional separations. In electrophoresis, proteins are separated on the basis ofShow MoreRelatedIsolation, Restriction Digestion, And Electrophoresis Of Plasmid Dna1827 Words   |  8 PagesIsolation, restriction digestion, and gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA Prathyusha Gudapati, BIOL 304, spring 2015. Abstract The purpose of the experiment was to isolate plasmid DNA, followed by restriction digestion using restriction endonucleases and then visualizing the digested fragments after subjecting to gel electrophoresis. Plasmid DNA (pSP72 DNA) was isolated from Escherichia coli KAM32 (E.coli) cultures using the QIA prep miniprep kit and then subjected to restriction digestion by EcoRI and HindIIIRead MoreMethods Of Restriction Mapping Site Essay730 Words   |  3 Pages Discussion In this experiment two methods of restriction mapping site were used i.e. double digestion method and the comparison of fragment pattern to a known sequence. In the double digestion method, the fragments produced by the enzyme Hind III andXhoI independently and concurrently were compared so that it can produce an estimation of relative postion of cleavage site The drawback of restriction mapping is that the technique cannot be directly used for eukaroyotes because of difficulties associatedRead MoreRestriction Enzyme, Alkaline Phosphatase Digestion And Gel Electrophoresis1195 Words   |  5 PagesMMR Report 1.3 Restriction Enzyme, Alkaline phosphatase Digestion †¨and Gel Electrophoresis By Naga Srilekha Somu Chemistry - 429 Spring 2016 Western Illinois University Materials and Equipment: Pure plasmid pET28a, amplified 2-alcohol dehydrogenase gene (a PCR product), 10x bovine serum albumin, 10x neutralization buffer, EcoRI, nuclease free water, pET28a plasmid digested with EcoRI, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, agarose gel (1% agarose + 0.3ÃŽ ¼L ethidium bromide), 1x TAE bufferRead MoreA Research Study On Scar Markers1635 Words   |  7 PagesSCAR markers are PCR based primers that represent genomic DNA fragments at genetically defined loci, that are identified by PCR amplification using sequence specific oligonuceotide primers (Paran and Michelmore, 1993; Me Dermott et al., 1994). Inception of SCARs involves cloning the amplified products of arbitrary marker techniques and then sequencing the 2 ends of the cloned products. The sequence s therefore used to design specific primer pairs of 15-30 bp which will amplify single major bandsRead MoreEssay on Using PCR and Gel Electrophoresis to Determine Genotype583 Words   |  3 PagesUsing PCR and Gel Electrophoresi s to Determine Genotype In certain situations, it is necessary to identify DNA retreived from a sample. When there is a small sample in need of identification, Polymerase Chain Reactions are used to multiply the DNA in the sample in to many identical samples. The DNA retrieved from the reaction can then be imported into an aparatus using gel electrophoresis to compare the sample of DNA to other samples. In our experiment we learned the how to replicate tinyRead MoreOptimization of Asymmetric PCR for Generation of a Single Stranded DNA Library690 Words   |  3 PagesAptamers are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides with high, specific affinity to a special target. The name was originated from aptus that means to fit and meros that shows the polymer identity of oligonucleotides (1, 2). Aptamer characteristics provide prominent potential applications in multiple fields.These nucleic acid ligands are completely generated through in vitro process for a wide range of targets from small molecules and ions to large proteins and cells and even whole organism or tissueRead More1.3.1 response Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Activity 1.3.1: Student Response Sheet PART A- Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes are a tool that allows us to pinpoint human identity down to single differences in our DNA. Work through the following simulation so you can see these molecular scissors in action. Find out more about restriction enzymes by viewing the animation and reading the article listed below. DolanDNALearningCenter: Restriction Enzymes http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/restriction.html Access ExcellenceRead MorePlant Viruses : A Large, Unique Family Of Plants Viruses1458 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. [1, 2] Geminiviruses consist of four genera, Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Begomovirus, and Topocuvirus based on host ranges, vector specificities, and genome organizations. Characteristics of geminiviruses include their circular, single-stranded DNA genome and geminate-shaped virus particles. These viruses-- exhibit both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features-- replicate in the nuclei of the host cell and depend on host machineries for transcription [1]. The majority of the Old World begomovirusesRead MorePcr Rflp Report : Pcr1166 Words   |  5 PagesPCR-RFLP Report PCR What is it: The Polymerase Chain Reaction is a method that uses the capability of DNA polymerase to synthesize to new DNA strands which are matching to the template strand. A primer needs to be added to the first nucleotide due to the fact that DNA polymerase only can add a nucleotide only onto a 3 -OH group that already exists. Because of this condition, we are able to define a chosen region of template sequence which we can then generate millions to billions of copies. ThisRead MoreSite Directed Mutagenesis ( Sdm ) Technique942 Words   |  4 PagesSite-directed mutagenesis (SDM) technique is commonly used to induce desired change in DNA plasmid sequence by mutation, insertion or deletion with oligonucleotide primers (1). This SDM usually cooperate with ploymerase chain reaction (PCR) as to amplify the concentration of mutated template (2). PCR, a temperature-based cycle reaction, is completed with three initial steps including denaturing the DNA template, anneal the mutated oligonucleotide primers and elongating the mutated primer with ploymerase

Truman s Decision On The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb

Aldrin Ubaldo HIS 218-03 Atomic Bomb Paper Presidents Harry Truman’s decision on the dropping of the atomic bomb was the best decision he could make because having another land invasion similar to D-Day of June 1944 would risk more resources and soldiers’ lives on either side. Paul Fussell article states that in PFC E. B. Sledge memoir With the Old Breed at Pelieu and Okinawa. As the U.S military fights closely to the mainland of Japan, the fighting in the surrounding islands in Iwo Jima and Okinawa was getting more vicious than in previous fights and that having a new land invasion would be a â€Å"ghastly bloodletting† and would shock the American public and the world ( Fussell, pg. 16). The Japanese were ruthless fighters and would never give up and would die for their country. It was said that every Japanese soldier, woman and children would fight from coast to coast (Fussell pg. 17). The Japanese code bushido meaning â€Å"the way of the warrior† meant that surrendering was absolutely dishono rable to the Emperor and the country and most soldiers would prefer to take their own lives rather than surrender to the enemy (Correll Enola Gay). The Japanese were prepared to take as much casualties as possible with an estimation of commitment of 2.3 million troops (Correll Enola Gay). Yes the atomic bomb would kill thousands of civilians but these civilians may have been trained to commit suicide runs against the allies if an invasion was put through (Fussell pg. 17). With theShow MoreRelatedTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesto take a side and then write an editorial on Harry S Truman’s decision to order the dropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. 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It has been questioned why America would execute the devastating dropping of the bombs, nicknamed fat man and little boy, on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War two. One of the first and probably main factors for dropping the bombs was to end World War two as soon as possible. The cost of the war was steadily increasing and Truman wanted keep the cost as low as possibleRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On Japan1369 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how many atomic bombs that have killed many Japanese during, World War II in Japan? On August 6, 1945, a new weapon with a significant explosive power known as the atomic bombs just has been dropped on Japan. The dropping of this weapon on Hiroshima and Nagasaki there were 262,020 civilians were killed. The United States to chose the atomic bomb in order for Japan to surrender and end the war quickly. Likewise, President Truman as the duty as president and Commander in Chief to protectRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb853 Words   |  4 Pagesall have diverse opinions on the dropping of the atomic bomb. Varying from, it should be dropped to bring an end to the war with Japan, to it is i nhumane to use such a power weapon on the Japanese military. Having so many diverse opinions on the newest found weapon, made the decision difficult for President Truman. There is no found proof that the war would have ended shortly after if it hadn’t been dropped. It was an uncertain factor on what would happen if the bomb wasn’t dropped, as well as whatRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Significant Period Of Time That Molds The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomic

ICT A case of Knowledge and Critical Thinking

Questions: 1. Briefly describe the business processes supported by a Supply Chain Management (SCM) information system. In a global business like Emerson what are the advantages and disadvantages of using a SCM information system? With Emersons many divisions using different suppliers, what would be the benefits of using a single SCM information system for all of its divisions? 2. Global companies like Emerson have suppliers, manufacturing, distribution, and retail operations. List and briefly describe the technologies and devices (used for input, output, and communication) that are used with SCM information systems. Choose two different input devices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. Discuss the benefits that they provide to the business? 3. Consider that you have to implement a new SCM information system for Emerson. Describe each of the different implementation options. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different implementation options. Make a recommendation and justify? 4. Modern SCM information systems and with the use of other technologies have supported businesses in improving environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. Research and find an example. Briefly describe the system and how it works and how carbon emissions where reduced. Discuss what decision making is performed and how does the SCM information system contribute to the decision making. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the business? Answers: 1. Before understanding the various business processes supported by a supply chain management, it is important to understand the concept of SCM. Supply chain can be defined as interlinked set of business procedures and business providers, through which flow of goods and information related to it is managed, initiating from point of design till the delivery of the product or service to the end consumer. A simplistic view of supply chain management is displayed below: Figure 1: Overview of SCM In this context, there are several business processes which are supported by a SCM (Handfield Nichols, 2009). This can be understood by example of Emerson case study as well. It can be clearly understood from the case study, that following business processes are supported: Sales Production Logistics Purchasing Above mentioned are the core processes which supports the SCM. A hierarchy of the business processes in a company like Emerson has been displayed below: Figure 2: Business process hierarchy Hence, from above diagram it can be understood, that how several business processes and their sub-processes supports the SCM (Bowersox et al, 2002). In a global business like Emerson, use of supply chain information system has its own share of advantages as well as disadvantages as follows: Advantages Use of SCM information system can help company like Emerson to generate and analyse information related to demand, supply, inventory and shipment and other aspects in real time. SCM information system helps in increasing the manufacturing throughput or in other words, productions at all levels of organisation. Through use of SCM information system, organisations can generate better return on assets. Internet based SCM, take the advantage a step further, as it helps in connecting all the suppliers and other related entities through a common link over information network. SCM information helps in improving the responsiveness and efficiency of the business. Disadvantages Inability to implement the SCM information system can rapidly increase the cost of implementation, further increasing the operational cost of the business. There can be issues such as increase in the lead time in the procurement processes, as in many cases real time update of inventory can trigger this situation, between supplier and the buyer. Implementation of SCM information system can be capital intensive for the business, as it might require assigning human, financial, and material resources to fulfil the requirements of SCM in the business. Considering the case, where different divisions in Emerson, are coordinating with different suppliers to fulfil their requirement, in such case, single SCM information system can be of tremendous benefit (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2004, pp.269-295). Firstly, it will enable to provide a consolidate view of entire supply chain management within organisation. Hence, instead of segregated view through the supply chain, Emerson can have better control over its supply chain, and will enable it manage its relationship with suppliers in a better way. SCM information system will also enable Emerson to save operational cost which it used to spend due to breakup of supply chain at multiple levels, leading to operational inefficiency, redundancies and delay in supplies and procurement of materials required for manufacturing. 2. Technology has played major role in improving the efficiency and productivity of existing organisations. In this regard SCM information systems has played major role, especially for organisations in manufacturing segment. An integrated supply chain model is displayed below: Figure 3: Integrated supply chain model In a supply chain model there are various input as well as output channels from where there is in-flow and out-flow of information which takes place continuously. This information can be related to scenarios such as, punching in of a purchase order, generation of PO, PO being extracted by supplier, and then supplying the requested material to the supplier, resulting into update of the inventory (Lee et al, 2004, pp.1875-1886). In order to facilitate such processes in a SCM information system, there are various technologies and devices which are used such as: EDI (electronic data interchange): This has been mentioned in the case study of Emerson as well. EDI as a technology enables transactions and information exchanges in a supply chain information system. EDI is defined as computer to computer exchange of structured data which enables automatic processing of information (Thomas Griffin, 1996, pp.1-15). Bar Coding and scanner: Bar codes can be defined as representation of a number or code in a format which can be read by a machine like bar code scanner. Every bar code helps in encapsulating various information about the item. Bar codes are generally used across the supply chain to identify and track goods (Stock Lambert, 2001). Inventory management systems: These information systems, enable end-to-end management of the information related to inventory. Such systems basically work in a circular process, which includes stages such as purchase tracking, inventory monitoring, and re-ordering (Cooper Ellram, 1993, pp.13-24). Transportation management systems: This information system mainly helps in providing visibility to the supplier and the buyer about the shipments and the orders. Such systems also helps in scheduling related issues (Cooper et al, 1997, pp. 1-14). Two different input devices are: Bar coding and scanner: Bar codes as discussed in above section specifies name of the product along with other information such as manufacturer etc. its advantages are: It eliminates human error which might happen due to incorrect information input in database. Reduces training time for the employee, as barcode scanner is a handheld or desktop devices which hardly requires any special training to be used. Inventory control improves, as barcodes helps in precise tracking of inventory. Promotes better decision making, as data is obtained rapidly and accurately. Speech recognition: Speech recognition is another popular and upcoming way of hands-free data entry in a supply chain operations. Unlike other devices which required keying in data, speech recognition provides the individual at any point in SCM to input the data based on voice, which has enabled in saving lot of efforts and time for organisations. Advantages of such input technology is: Speech recognition based data entry eliminates any possible case of human error due entering due to typing issue. Such technology, helps in boosting the overall productivity of the employee as he can perform other tasks in parallel as well. Can be beneficial for disabled person who are present in the supply chain operations. Input devices provide numerous benefits to the business like Emerson. Firstly, it helps in automation of the input process in the supply chain operations, hence reducing the margin of error which might come up due to incorrect information. Secondly, such devices helps in better monitoring and tracking of the inventory, as all the information related to inventory is updated within seconds and real time, which might not be possible in case of manual process (Lambert Cooper, 2000, pp.65-83). 3. In order to implement a SCM information system, there can be various approaches which can selected for Emerson. However before selection of an approach it is important to focus on following aspects associated with the organisation: Size of the organisation Geographical spread of the organisation Number of people who are expected to use the system Timeline by which the system is expected to be live for use There are two possible approach are: Big bang approach: under which complete organisation will be covered for the rollout of the SCM information system. Hence each and every location where Emerson has its operations will be covered, and there will be a global rollout of the entire SCM information system. Phased approach: Under this approach of implementation. Instead of going for a global rollout of SCM information system, focus will be on rollout in a phased approach. Which means, that either few specific locations can be selected where SCM information system will be rolled out, followed by other locations. After analysis of the two possible implementation approach for SCM information system, it can be said that Emerson as an organisation is spread across globe with complex business process in the organisation facilitating day-to-day transactions (Holland, 2005, pp. 117-133). Also there are thousands of users spread across globe who will be potential users of the proposed SCM information system. In such circumstances, it is logical to opt for phased implementation of the SCM information system. Reason behind opting for phased approach is, that this approach will enable implementation of SCM information system in a controlled manner. Secondly, this approach will allow management to observe and analyse the benefits of first phase of implementation. If some further improvement is required then it can be done, before moving towards the next phase of implementation. This approach will also enable the business to evaluate the overall performance of the SCM information system, and map the exis ting business process with the proposed SCM information system in a seamless manner. Phased approach will allow Emerson management to identify the core business areas where they first want to implement the system, before moving on to other business areas. This pre-planning, understanding of current business processes, identification of gaps and designing of to be processes can be achieved in an efficient manner only through a phased approach, as phased approach will give enough bandwidth to analyse each business process and understand the required outcome expected from the proposed SCM information system. Overall, it can be said that as an organisation Emerson is not suited well for big-bang approach, especially due to scale of operations it has, and number of geographical regions it exists. In such situation, Emerson should opt for a phased implementation of the SCM information system. 4. Modern supply chain management information systems have created far reaching impact on the environment sustainability mainly by reducing the carbon emission drastically at various levels of supply chain. Supply chain are critical links that connects an organisations input to its output. Traditionally, supply chain management has focused on aspects such as just in time delivery, cost reduction, inventory control etc. However over a period of time, role of SCM has become important in environment sustainability, especially its role in increase of carbon emission. The supply chain can be characterised as the production of raw materials, their transfer to and through various processing steps, and finally the final product shipping and receiving. Each step requires a review of combustion/energy emissions, waste disposal emissions, transportation energy costs and emissions, and packaging related emissions. With use of SCM information system this entire lifecycle of procuring material for production and shipping it back has reduced to a large level. This can be understood by example of Emerson as well, which combined the shipments from various suppliers through one container. In such situation it becomes obvious that fuel combustion and carbon emission in a case where two different ships would have carried supply from suppliers would have been much higher as compared to a situation, where a consolidated shipment is being sent, resulting into reduction of carbon emission and improving overall environment sustainability. This has been possible due t o SCM information system, because it has allowed business organisations like Emerson to consolidate its supply chain business processes in a single view, where the organisation has tight control over its inventory, and material being procured from different suppliers. In a way it can be said that SCM information system has helped the organisation by improving the view of overall supply chain, resulting in much better coordination with suppliers, which could not have been possible with traditional way of handling the supply chain. References Handfield, R. B., Nichols, E. L. 2009. Introduction to supply chain management (Vol. 183). Upper Saddle River, NJ: prentice Hall. Bowersox, D. J., Closs, D. J., Cooper, M. B. 2002. Supply chain logistics management (Vol. 2). New York: McGraw-Hill. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W. 2004. Information systems in supply chain integration and management. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(2), 269-295. Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., Whang, S. 2004. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management science, 50(12_supplement), 1875-1886. Thomas, D. J., Griffin, P. M. 1996. Coordinated supply chain management. European journal of operational research, 94(1), 1-15. Stock, J. R., Lambert, D. M. 2001. Strategic logistics management. Cooper, M. C., Ellram, L. M. 1993. Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy. International Journal of Logistics Management, The, 4(2), 13-24. Cooper, M. C., Lambert, D. M., Pagh, J. D. 1997. Supply chain management: more than a new name for logistics. International Journal of Logistics Management, The, 8(1), 1-14. Lambert, D. M., Cooper, M. C. 2000. Issues in supply chain management. Industrial marketing management, 29(1), 65-83. Holland, C. P. 2005. Cooperative supply chain management: the impact of interorganizational information systems. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 4(2), 117-133